← 小节期卷总目·第一章 浇灌水田
这不是译本，是辅读层。中文承载文本本身，并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释，以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文，其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的，不是判断。
这一面每读 5 句，只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来， 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德；标出来，他才知道自己站在哪里。
（续上）推磨的驴却不可修蹄：节中日只可磨节日要用的谷物，驴蹄不修也能做这工作。
可是推磨的驴的蹄子却不可以修。
However, with regard to the hooves of a donkey that turns the millstones, no, they may not be trimmed.
这在节中日是不必要的，因为人只可磨节日本身要用的谷物，驴的蹄子即使不修，也能做这工作。
This is unnecessary on the intermediate days of a Festival, as one may only grind grain that one needs to use on the Festival itself, and the donkey can perform this task even if its hooves are not trimmed.
拉夫犹大 许可节中日给推磨的驴修蹄、安放磨石、砌磨座、开推磨的水渠、建马厩；拉瓦 许可刷马、砌槽、造凳。
拉夫犹大 许可人在节中日给推磨的驴修蹄，把磨石安放在原位，砌磨的底座，开挖引水推磨的水渠，建造马厩。
Rav Yehuda permits one to trim the hooves of the donkey that turns a mill, to set the stones of a mill in their place, to build the base of a mill, to construct a water channel to carry water that drives a mill, and to build a stable for horses on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉瓦 许可人在节中日刷洗马匹，砌饲槽，造长凳。
Rava permitted one to groom a horse, to build a trough, and to build a bench on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉瓦 又许可节中日为牲畜放血治病。阿巴耶 说有 《巴拉伊塔》 支持他：可以给牲畜放血，节中日也不禁止牲畜的任何医治。
拉瓦 又许可人在节中日为治病给牲畜放血。
Rava also permitted one to let the blood of an animal for medical purposes on the intermediate days of a Festival.
阿巴耶 对他说：有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 的教导支持你：可以给牲畜放血，在节中日也不禁止对牲畜的任何医治。
Abaye said to him: A baraita is taught that supports you: One may let blood from an animal, and one does not withhold any medical treatment from an animal on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉瓦 又许可搓洗衣服，因为这是外行人的活，不是匠人的活。拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿米 奉 拉夫希斯达 的名说：把袖子系成褶是禁止的，因为这是匠人的活。
拉瓦 又许可人搓洗衣服，作为洗衣的一道工序。
Rava further permitted one to scrub garments as part of the laundry process.
理由是什么？
What is the reason?
这是外行人的活，不是匠人的活；匠人的活在节中日是禁止的。
It is the work of a layman and not the work of a craftsman, which is prohibited on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿米 说，拉夫希斯达 说：把衣袖系起来打褶是禁止的。
Rav Yitzḥak bar Ami said that Rav Ḥisda said: Tying sleeves to create pleats is prohibited.
理由是什么？
What is the reason?
这是匠人的活，因此在节中日是禁止的。
It is the work of a craftsman and is consequently prohibited on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉瓦 说：节中日平整土地，若是为了做禾场就许可，若是为了预备耕种就禁止。
拉瓦 说：论到在节中日平整土地的人，有如下区分：他的用意若是预备禾场，这是许可的；他的用意若是预备耕种的地，这是禁止的。
§ Rava said: With regard to one who clears the ground on the intermediate days of a Festival, the following distinction applies: If his intention is to prepare a threshing floor, it is permitted, but if his intention is to prepare the ground for planting, it is prohibited.
怎样区分？若把土从一个土堆移到另一个土堆，或从一条沟移到另一条沟，显然是为禾场，他只要中间的平地；若把土堆的土填进沟里，大概是为耕种，因与耕地相似而禁止。
革玛拉问：各是什么情形？
The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of each case?
革玛拉解释：他若把土从一个土堆抛到另一个土堆上，或从一条沟抛进另一条沟里，显然他这样做是为了预备禾场，因为他只在意中间的平地，并不在意四周的地。
The Gemara explains: If he casts earth from one mound [mulya] onto another mound, or from one furrow into another furrow [natza], it is clear that he is doing this with the intention of preparing a threshing floor, as his sole interest is the level area in the middle and not the ground that surrounds it.
注：「土堆」，原文 מוּלְיָא；「沟」，原文 נַצְּעָא。
可是他若从土堆取土抛进沟里，大概他这样做是为了预备耕种的地；这在节中日是禁止的，因为它与被禁止的耕地劳作相似。
However, if he takes earth from a mound and casts it into a furrow, he is presumably doing this with the intention of preparing the ground for planting, which is prohibited on the intermediate days of a Festival due to its similarity to the prohibited labor of plowing.
拉瓦 又说：节中日清理田间枝条，为了用枝条就许可，为了预备耕地就禁止。只取大枝留下小枝，显然是要用枝条；大小都取，看来是在整地，所以禁止。
拉瓦 又说：论到在节中日清除田里枝条的人，有如下区分：他的用意若是使用那些枝条，这是许可的；他的用意若是预备耕种的地，这是禁止的。
And Rava said: With regard to one who clears his field from twigs on the intermediate days of a Festival, the following distinction applies: If his intention is to use the twigs it is permitted, but if his intention is to prepare the ground for planting, it is prohibited.
革玛拉问：各是什么情形？
The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of each case?
革玛拉解释：他若取走大的枝条，留下小的，显然他这样做是为了使用那些枝条。
The Gemara explains: If he takes the large twigs and leaves the small ones, it is clear that he is doing this with the intention of using the twigs.
可是他若大的小的枝条都取走，看来他这样做是为了预备耕地，这是禁止的。
But if he takes both the large twigs and the small ones, it appears as though that he is doing so with the intention of preparing the ground, and it is prohibited.
拉瓦 又说：节中日打开流经自己田地的水渠闸口，为了捕随水而来的鱼就许可，为了浇地就禁止。
拉瓦 又说：论到在节中日打开流经自己田地的水渠闸口的人，有如下区分：他的用意若是捕捉随水而来的鱼，这是许可的；他的用意若是浇灌田地，这是禁止的。
And Rava further said: With regard to one who opens the gates of a water channel running through his land on the intermediate days of a Festival, the following distinction applies: If his intention is to catch the fish that come along with the water, it is permitted, but if his intention is to water the ground, it is prohibited.
怎样区分？开上下两道闸口，水进来又流出去，显然是为捕鱼；只开一道，大概是要水渠灌满、漫进田里，是为浇地。
革玛拉问：各是什么情形？
The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of each case?
革玛拉解释：他若在水渠上开两道闸口，一道在他田地的上方，一道在下方，流进来的水也流出去，显然他这样做是为了捕鱼，因为水会流走，只有鱼留在他田里的低洼处。
The Gemara explains: If he opens two gates in the water channel, one above his field and one below, so the water that flows in also flows out, it is clear that he is doing this with the intention of catching fish, as the water will flow out and only the fish will remain in the indentations in his field.
可是他若只开一道闸口，大概他这样做是为了浇灌田地，因为显然他想让水渠灌满，水漫进田里。
But if he opens only one gate, he is presumably doing this with the intention of watering the ground, as it is evident that he wants the channel to fill and the water to overflow into the field.
拉瓦 又说：节中日砍枣椰树的枝，为了喂牲畜就许可，为了促树生长就禁止。从树的一侧全部砍下，是为喂牲畜；两侧都砍，看来是为促树生长，所以禁止。
拉瓦 又说：论到在节中日砍自己枣椰树枝条的人，有如下区分：他这样做若是为了喂自己的牲畜，这是许可的；他这样做若是为了促进枣椰树的生长，这是禁止的。
And Rava also said: With regard to one who cuts the branches of his date palm on the intermediate days of a Festival, the following distinction applies: If he does this with the intention of feeding his animals, it is permitted, but if he does it with the intention of enhancing the growth of his date palm, it is prohibited.
革玛拉问：各是什么情形？
The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of each case?
革玛拉解释：他若把树一侧的枝条全部取下，他这样做是为了把枝条喂给牲畜，因为显然他不在意枣椰树受损。
The Gemara explains: If he takes all of the branches from one side of the tree, he is doing this with the intention of feeding the branches to his animals, as it is evident that he is not concerned with the damage to the date palm.
可是他若从树的这一侧取枝条，也从另一侧取，看来他这样做是为了促进枣椰树的生长，这是禁止的。
However, if he takes the branches from this side of the tree and also from the other side, it appears as though he is doing so with the intention of enhancing the growth of the date palm, and it is prohibited.
拉瓦 又说：节中日把未熟的枣切开使之可吃是许可的，腌藏却禁止，因为节后才能吃。拉夫帕帕 说：这些枣若不料理就会生虫，算作将要损失的货物，可以腌藏。
拉瓦 又说：论到这些未熟的枣，在节中日把它们切开使之可以吃是许可的，腌藏它们却是禁止的，因为要到节后才能食用。
And Rava further said: With regard to these unripe dates, cutting them into pieces in order to render them fit for eating is permitted on the intermediate days of a Festival, but preserving them is prohibited, as they will not be ready for use until after the Festival.
拉夫帕帕 说：既然这些枣若不妥善料理就容易生虫，它们就被当作将要损失的货物看待，在节中日可以腌藏。
Rav Pappa said: Since they are likely to become infested with worms if they are not properly attended to, they are treated like merchandise that will be lost, and it is permitted to preserve them on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉瓦 又说：节中日禁止一切买卖。拉比约西·巴尔·阿维恩 说：搁置不理会造成重大损失的事则许可。拉维纳 有一宗合伙的货，本可卖六千第纳尔，他拖到节中日以后，卖得一万二千。
拉瓦 又说：在节中日一切买卖都是禁止的。
§ And Rava also said: Any commerce is prohibited on the intermediate days of a Festival.
拉比约西·巴尔·阿维恩 说：可是若是一件事搁置不理就会造成重大损失，这是许可的。
Rabbi Yosei bar Avin said: But with regard to a matter that, if left unattended, will result in significant loss, it is permitted.
革玛拉述说：拉维纳 有一次有一宗合伙的生意，本可卖得六千第纳尔，他却把出售推迟到节中日以后，那时卖得一万二千第纳尔。
The Gemara relates that Ravina once had a joint business venture that could have been sold for six thousand dinars, but he delayed selling it until after the intermediate days of a Festival, and he sold it then for twelve thousand dinars.
拉维纳 借钱给珊瓦塔堡的居民，问 拉夫阿施 能否在节中日去收债。后者说：此时才找得到他们，平日他们四处谋生，所以这算作将要损失的货物，可以去。
革玛拉又述说：拉维纳 曾借钱给珊瓦塔堡的居民。
It is further related that Ravina had lent money to the residents of the fortress of Shanvata.
注：「珊瓦塔堡」，原文 אַקְרָא דְשַׁנְוָתָא。
他来到 拉夫阿施 面前，对他说：现在，就是在节中日，到他们那里去收我的债，哈拉哈 怎样？
He came before Rav Ashi and said to him: What is the halakha with regard to going to them now, on the intermediate days of the Festival, to collect my debt?
拉夫阿施 对他说：既然你只有现在找得到他们，别的日子却找不到他们，因为这些人一年到头为谋生四处奔走，这就被当作将要损失的货物看待，所以是许可的。
Rav Ashi said to him: Since it is now that you will find them, whereas on other days you will not find them, as during the year these people would travel from place to place to earn their livelihood, this is treated like merchandise that will be lost, and it is therefore permitted.
革玛拉补充：有 《巴拉伊塔》 论偶像崇拜之事，也这样教导。（下接 11a）
革玛拉补充说：一条 《巴拉伊塔》 里论到偶像崇拜，也像这事一样教导：「人可以前往……」
The Gemara adds: So too, it is taught in a baraita with regard to idol worship like this case: One may go