照 拉比希亚 算十六个赎罪祭,哪位坦拿认为包罗更广的禁令、扩及他人的禁令、同时生效的禁令都能加于已有的禁令之上?兄弟之例里,人妻与兄弟之妻、妻子姊妹、经期,三类禁令都有。
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革玛拉问:照 拉比希亚 教导此例共有十六个赎罪祭来说,哪位 坦拿 认为,禁令能加于已有的禁令之上,无论是包罗更广的禁令、扩及他人的禁令,还是同时生效的禁令?
The Gemara asks: According to Rabbi Ḥiyya, who teaches that this case incurs sixteen sin-offerings, who is this tanna who holds that a prohibition takes effect where another prohibition already exists for a more inclusive prohibition, an expanded prohibition, and a simultaneous prohibition?
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若这两个男子是兄弟,一个聘定了一个女子的那一刻,这女子对另一兄弟来说,就既作为有夫之妇、又作为兄弟之妻而受禁了。
If these men are brothers, the moment that one betrothed a woman, that woman was immediately rendered forbidden to the second brother both as a married woman and as his brother’s wife.
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第二个兄弟聘定她的姊妹时,又加上了妻子姊妹之禁。
When the second brother betrothed her sister, this added the prohibition pertaining to his wife’s sister.
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这是包罗更广的禁令,因为这次订婚之后,第二个兄弟不但禁与他妻子的这个姊妹,即他兄弟的妻子同房,也禁与她的其他所有姊妹同房。
This is a more inclusive prohibition because, as a result of this betrothal, the second brother is prohibited from engaging in sexual intercourse not only with his wife’s sister, who is his brother’s wife, but also with all of her other sisters.
妻子姊妹之禁对第二个兄弟而言,此前已有「有夫之妇」「兄弟之妻」两禁;新禁又及于她的其他姊妹,故称包罗更广。
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这女子来了月经时,她对自己的丈夫也成了禁忌,这是扩及他人的禁令。
When this woman becomes a menstruating woman, she is forbidden to her husband as well, which is an expanded prohibition.
经期之禁此前已禁她于他人,今又禁于丈夫,故称扩及他人的禁令(issur mosif)。
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所以密释纳把这三类禁令的例子都包括在内,并断定它们在此例中都能生效。
Consequently, the mishna includes examples of all three types of prohibitions and asserts that they all take effect in this case.
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因此革玛拉追问,是哪位 坦拿 认为,在这每一种情形里,即使已有别的禁令,禁令仍能生效。
Therefore, the Gemara wonders which tanna holds that in each of these cases the prohibition takes effect even where another prohibition exists.