25b.1
解答
(承叶二十五正末)——此处二说之别,在乎它是否湿得足以润别的东西。照首位坦拿,须湿得能润别物,才在禁例;照 拉比约西,只要那小解自身还湿着,纵不足以润别物,也在禁例。
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——此处二说之别,在乎它是否湿得足以润着别的东西。
And here, the difference between them is in a case where it is moist enough to moisten other things.
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照首位 坦拿,须湿得能润着别物,才在禁例;照 拉比约西,只要那小解自身还湿着,纵不足以润着别物,也仍在禁例。
According to the first tanna the prohibition is only in effect when the urine is moist enough to moisten other objects, while according to Rabbi Yosei it applies as long as the urine itself is moist, even if it is not moist enough to moisten other objects.
25b.2
提问
密释纳里学过:人因遗精下水浸洗,须自己盘算来不来得及上来、披衣、在日出之前诵晨间的《听》。革玛拉 问:我们且说,拉比犹大·哈纳西 这条无名密释纳,教的是 拉比以利以谢 的意思——他说人可诵《听》直到日出。
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密释纳里我们学过:人因遗精下水浸洗,须自己盘算来不来得及上来、披上衣裳、在日出之前诵晨间的 《听》。
We learned in a mishna that one who descended to immerse himself due to a seminal emission must calculate, whether or not he is able to ascend, cover himself with a garment and recite the morning Shema before sunrise.
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革玛拉 问:我们且说,拉比犹大·哈纳西 这条无名的密释纳,教的是 拉比以利以谢 的意思——他说人可诵 《听》 直到日出。
The Gemara asks: Let us say that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi taught this in the unattributed mishna in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer, who said: One may recite Shema until sunrise.
25b.3
解答
革玛拉 随即驳这猜想:纵说这条密释纳合 拉比约书亚 的意思——他与 拉比以利以谢 相争,主张晨间的《听》可诵到日间第三时——这条哈拉哈也许是为那些照笃行者的规矩而行的人说的;论到他们,拉比约哈难 说过:笃行者诵《听》,正在日出之时诵完。
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革玛拉 随即驳这猜想:纵说这条密释纳合 拉比约书亚 的意思——他与 拉比以利以谢 相争,主张晨间的 《听》 可诵到日间第三时——这条 哈拉哈 也许是为那些照 笃行者 的规矩而行的人说的;论到他们,拉比约哈难 说过:笃行者 诵 《听》,正在日出之时诵完。
The Gemara immediately rejects this assumption: Even if you say that the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua, who disagrees with Rabbi Eliezer and holds that one may recite the morning Shema until the third hour of the day, and perhaps the halakha in the mishna was directed toward those whose practice was in accordance with the custom of the vatikin, pious individuals who were scrupulous in their performance of mitzvot, with regard to whom Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The vatikin would conclude the recitation of Shema with sunrise.
25b.4
提问
密释纳里学过:他若盘算来不及上来披衣而诵《听》,就在水里遮住自己而诵。问:头露在水面之上,怎能诵《听》呢?他的心望见自己的下体,中间并无隔断。
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密释纳里我们学过:他若盘算来不及上来、披上衣裳而诵 《听》,就在水里遮住自己而诵 《听》。
We learned in the mishna: And if one calculates that he will not be able to ascend and cover himself with a garment in time to recite Shema, he should cover himself in the water and recite Shema there.
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革玛拉 问:他的头露在水面之上,怎能诵 《听》 呢?
The Gemara asks: How can one recite Shema with his head above water?
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他的心望见自己的下体,中间并没有隔断。
His heart sees his nakedness as there is no barrier between them.
25b.5
解答
就此,拉比以利亚撒 说(有人说是拉比阿哈·巴尔·阿巴·巴尔·阿哈以我们的夫子 拉夫 之名说):这话是就浑水说的,浑水算作实地,所以成一道隔,他的心便望不见自己的下体。
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就着这件事,拉比以利亚撒 说(有人说是 拉比阿哈·巴尔·阿巴·巴尔·阿哈 以我们的夫子 拉夫 之名说):这话是就浑水说的,浑水算作实地。
Regarding this Rabbi Elazar said, and some say it was Rabbi Aḥa bar Abba bar Aḥa in the name of Rabbeinu, Rav: This was taught with regard to murky water, which is considered to be like solid earth.
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所以那浑水成了一道隔,他的心便望不见自己的下体。
Therefore, it constitutes a barrier so that his heart does not see his nakedness.
25b.6
引证
就此,贤哲在巴拉伊塔里教说:人若在清水里,就坐到水没至颈项而诵《听》。有人说:他用脚把水搅浑。
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就着这件事,贤哲们在一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里教说:人若在清水里,就坐到水没至颈项,然后诵 《听》。
On this same topic, the Sages taught in a baraita: If one was in clear water, he should sit in it up to his neck and recite Shema.
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有人说:他用脚把水搅浑。
And some say: He sullies the water with his foot.
25b.7
提问
问:照首位坦拿,他的心隔着清水岂不望见自己的下体么?答:他以为心望见下体时诵《听》也是可以的。又问:可在清水里,他的脚跟岂不望见自己的下体么?答:此处首位坦拿也以为脚跟望见下体是可以的。
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革玛拉 问:照首位 坦拿,他的心隔着清水,岂不望见自己的下体么?
The Gemara asks: And according to the first tanna doesn’t his heart see his nakedness through the clear water?
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革玛拉 答:他以为心望见下体的时候,诵 《听》 也是可以的。
The Gemara replies: He holds that even if his heart sees his nakedness, it is permitted to recite Shema.
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革玛拉 接着问:可是在清水里,他的脚跟岂不望见自己的下体么?
The Gemara continues and asks: But in the clear water, doesn’t his heel see his nakedness?
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革玛拉 答:此处首位 坦拿 也以为,脚跟望见下体是可以的。
The Gemara replies: Here too, the first tanna holds that in a case where his heel sees his nakedness it is permitted.
25b.8
提问
革玛拉 指出,有人说:脚跟望见下体是可以的。那么脚跟碰着下体,当怎样断?那样的人可否诵《听》?阿巴耶 说不可,拉瓦 说可以。革玛拉 指出:拉夫泽维德 是这样传这条哈拉哈的。拉夫希纳纳·巴尔·拉夫伊卡却这样传:脚跟碰着下体,人人都说不可;他们所争的,是脚跟望见下体。阿巴耶 说不可,拉瓦 说可以——妥拉不是赐给侍立的天使的;人与天使不同,人有下体,这是躲不开的。所断的哈拉哈是:脚跟碰着下体便不可,单是望见则可以。
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革玛拉 指出,有人说:脚跟望见自己的下体,是可以的。
The Gemara notes, it was stated: If one’s heel sees his nakedness it is permitted.
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那么脚跟碰着下体的,当怎样断呢?
However, what is the halakha in a case where his heel touches his nakedness?
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那样的人可否诵 《听》 呢?
May one in that circumstance recite Shema or not?
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阿巴耶 说:不可;拉瓦 说:可以。
Abaye said: It is prohibited, and Rava said: It is permitted.
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革玛拉 指出:拉夫泽维德 是这样传这条 哈拉哈 的。
The Gemara notes: Rav Zevid taught this halakha in that manner.
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拉夫希纳纳·巴尔·拉夫伊卡 却这样传:脚跟碰着下体,人人都说不可。
Rav Ḥinnana, son of Rav Ika, taught it as follows: In a case where his heel touches his nakedness, everyone agrees that it is prohibited.
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他们所争的,是脚跟望见下体的情形。
Their dispute is with regard to a case where his heel sees his nakedness.
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阿巴耶 说不可,拉瓦 说可以:妥拉 不是赐给侍立的天使的;人与天使不同,人是有下体的,这原是躲不开的。
Abaye said: It is prohibited, and Rava said: It is permitted; the Torah was not given to the ministering angels, and a person, who, as opposed to a ministering angel, has genitals, cannot avoid this.
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所断的 哈拉哈 是:脚跟碰着自己的下体便不可;单是望见,则是可以的。
And the halakha is that if his heel touches his nakedness it is prohibited, but if it merely sees his nakedness, it is permitted.
25b.9
推论
拉瓦 说:粪若只用透明的灯罩之类罩着,对着它诵《听》是可以的;下体若只用透明的灯罩之类罩着,对着它诵《听》却是不可的。对着灯罩里的粪可以诵,是因论粪,可诵与否系于「遮盖」,正如经上说「转身掩盖」(申命记 23:13);那粪虽看得见,到底是遮着的。至于只用灯罩罩着的下体,对着它诵《听》便不可;因妥拉说「不可见你那里有污秽的物」(申命记 23:14),而这里是看得见的。
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拉瓦 说:粪若只用透明的灯罩之类罩着,对着它诵 《听》 是可以的。
Rava said: Opposite feces covered only by a lantern-like covering, which is transparent, it is permitted to recite Shema.
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下体若只用透明的灯罩之类罩着,对着它诵 《听》 却是不可的。
But opposite nakedness covered only by a lantern-like covering, it is prohibited to recite Shema.
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对着灯罩里的粪可以诵 《听》,是因为论到粪,可诵与否系于「遮盖」二字,正如经上所说:「转身掩盖你的粪」(申命记 23:13);那粪虽看得见,到底是遮着的。
Opposite feces in a lantern, it is permitted to recite Shema because with regard to feces, the ability to recite Shema is contingent upon covering, as it is said: “And cover your excrement” (Deuteronomy 23:14), and although it is visible, it is covered.
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至于只用灯罩罩着的下体,对着它诵 《听》 便不可;因为 妥拉 说:「不可见你那里有污秽的物」(申命记 23:14),而这里是看得见的。
On the other hand, opposite nakedness covered only by a lantern-like covering, it is prohibited to recite Shema; the Torah said: “And no indecent thing shall be seen in you” (Deuteronomy 23:15), and here it is seen.
25b.10
推论
阿巴耶 说:少许的粪可用唾沫化去,既遮住了,诵《听》便是可以的。拉瓦 说:这只就浓唾说的。拉瓦 又说:粪在地上的坑里,人把自己的鞋盖在坑上遮住,就可诵《听》。Mar 巴尔·拉维纳提出一疑:粪粘在他鞋上,当怎样断?那样他自己岂不算污秽了?此疑存而未决。
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阿巴耶 说:少许的粪可用唾沫化去;既遮住了,诵 《听》 便是可以的。
Abaye said: A small amount of feces may be nullified with spittle, and as long as it is covered, it is permitted to recite Shema.
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拉瓦 说:这只是就浓唾说的。
Rava said: This applies specifically when it is thick spittle.
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拉瓦 又说:粪在地上的坑里,人把自己的鞋盖在坑上遮住,就可以诵 《听》。
Rava said: Feces in a hole in the ground, he places his sandal over the hole to cover it and recites Shema.
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玛尔·巴尔·拉维纳 提出一疑:粪粘在他鞋上的时候,所断的 哈拉哈 是什么?
Mar, son of Ravina, raised a dilemma: What is the halakha in a case where feces is stuck to his sandal?
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那样,他自己岂不就算污秽了么?
Perhaps he would be considered filthy in that case?
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此疑存而未决。
Let this dilemma stand unresolved.
25b.11
推论
拉夫犹大 说:对着赤身的外邦人,不可诵《听》。问:拉夫犹大 何以偏说外邦人?对着犹太人岂不也不可么?答:对着犹太人的下体不可,那是不言自明的;对着外邦人的下体,他却非说不可。免得你说:论到外邦人,经上写着「他们的肉如驴的肉」(以西结书 23:20),就说他们的下体不过如驴的,算不得露体。拉夫犹大 教我们:他们的下体也算露体,因为论挪亚的众子写着「没有看见父亲的下体」(创世记 9:23)——挪亚在亚伯拉罕之前,本不是犹太人,经上却仍说他的下体。
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拉夫犹大 说:对着赤身的外邦人,不可诵 《听》。
Rav Yehuda said: Opposite a naked gentile, it is forbidden to recite Shema.
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革玛拉 问:拉夫犹大 何以偏说外邦人的情形呢?
The Gemara asks: Why did Rav Yehuda discuss particularly the case of a gentile?
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对着犹太人,岂不也是不可的么?
Even with regard to a Jew it is also prohibited.
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革玛拉 答:对着犹太人的下体不可,那是不言自明的;对着外邦人的下体,他却非说不可。
The Gemara replies: Opposite the nakedness of a Jew, it is obvious that it is prohibited; however, opposite the nakedness of a gentile, it was necessary for him to say.
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免得你说:论到外邦人,经上既写着「他们的肉如驴的肉」(以西结书 23:20),就说他们的下体不过如驴的下体,算不得露体。
Lest you say that since it is written about gentiles: “Their flesh is the flesh of donkeys” (Ezekiel 23:20), say that his nakedness is like that of a mere donkey and does not constitute nakedness.
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拉夫犹大 教我们:他们的下体也算露体,因为论到 挪亚 的众子,经上写着「没有看见父亲的下体」(创世记 9:23)。
Rav Yehuda taught us that their nakedness is also considered nakedness, as it is written regarding the sons of Noah: “And their father’s nakedness they did not see” (Genesis 9:23).
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挪亚在 亚伯拉罕 之前,本不是犹太人,经上却仍说到他的下体。
Although Noah predated Abraham and was consequently not Jewish, his nakedness is mentioned.
25b.12
提问
密释纳里学过:人要诵《听》,不可在臭水或沤过麻的水里遮身,除非另掺进别的水去。问:他要掺进多少水,才算可以遮身呢?他若在沤麻的水里遮身,那水本多,要抵消它,至少也得掺进一样多的水才行。所以那话当这样讲:臭水与沤麻的水,无论掺多少也不可遮身;至于小解——那是可厌的——直到掺进净水,他才可诵《听》。
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密释纳里我们又学过:人要诵 《听》,不可在臭水里、或沤过麻的水里遮住自己,除非另掺进别的水去。
And we learned in the mishna: And one who needs to recite Shema may not cover himself with either foul water or water in which flax was soaked until he pours other water into it.
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革玛拉 问:他要掺进多少水,才算把那水变作可以遮身的呢?
The Gemara asks: How much water does he continue to pour in order to render them a permissible covering.
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他若在沤过麻的水里遮身,那水本是极多的;要抵消它,至少也得掺进一样多的水才行。
If he is covering himself in water in which flax was soaked, it must be a considerable amount of water, requiring at least an equally considerable amount of water to neutralize it.
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所以那话当这样讲:臭水与沤麻的水,无论掺多少都不可遮身;至于小解——那是可厌的——直到他掺进净水去,才可诵 《听》。
Rather, this is what it says: One may neither cover himself with foul water nor water in which flax was soaked at all; and urine, which is considered repugnant, until he adds clean water to it, and only then he may recite Shema.
25b.13
引证
贤哲在巴拉伊塔里就此另出一争:要抵消小解,须掺多少水?多少都可。拉比撒该说:须掺四分之一罗格。
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贤哲们在一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里就此另出一争:要抵消那小解,人须掺进多少水呢?
The Sages taught a related disagreement in a baraita: How much water must one add in order to nullify urine?
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多少都可以。
Any quantity is sufficient.
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拉比撒该 说:须掺四分之一 罗格。
Rabbi Zakkai says: One must add a quarter of a log.
25b.14
解答
拉夫纳赫曼 说:这一争是就小解已在器皿里、事后才要抵消它说的。若是净水先在器皿里、小解后到,那么小解逐滴落进去,落一滴便消一滴,所以器皿里有多少净水都够。
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拉夫纳赫曼 说:这一争,是就小解已经在器皿里、人事后才要抵消它的情形说的。
Rav Naḥman said: This dispute is with regard to a case where the urine is already in a vessel, and afterward one seeks to nullify it.
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若是净水先在器皿里、小解后到,那么小解逐滴落进去,落一滴便消一滴;所以器皿里有多少净水都够。
However, if the clean water was in a vessel at the beginning, before the urine, each drop of urine is nullified as it enters the vessel and therefore any amount of clean water in the vessel is sufficient.
25b.15
解答
拉夫约瑟 说:这一争,是就小解未到之先器皿里当先有多少水说的;事后才掺的,人人都说须四分之一罗格。革玛拉 述说:拉夫约瑟 起初就吩咐仆人:给我拿四分之一罗格水来——照拉比撒该的意思。
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拉夫约瑟 说:这一争,是就小解未到之先、器皿里当先有多少水说的。
And Rav Yosef said: This dispute is with regard to the amount of water necessary to have in the vessel at the beginning, before the urine.
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至于事后才掺的,人人都说须四分之一 罗格。
However, afterward, everyone agrees that a quarter of a log is required.
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革玛拉 述说:拉夫约瑟 起初就吩咐自己的仆人说:给我拿四分之一 罗格 水来——他是照 拉比撒该 的意思行的。
The Gemara relates: Rav Yosef said to his servant at the beginning: Bring me a quarter of a log of water, in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Zakkai.
25b.16
引证
贤哲在《托塞夫塔》里把这一层说得更细:对着盛粪或盛小解的溺器,不可诵《听》,纵然里头空着也不可,因它总算污秽。对着小解本身,非等掺了水进去,不可诵《听》。要掺多少呢?多少都可。拉比撒该说:四分之一罗格。无论它在床前还是床后,所断都是一样。拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 说:在床后可以诵《听》,在床前便不可诵,须走开四肘才诵。拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒 更严,说:纵在百肘之大的屋里,非等把它挪开、或放到床底下,不可诵《听》。
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贤哲们在 《托塞夫塔》 里把这一层说得更细:对着盛粪或盛小解的溺器,不可诵 《听》,纵然里头空着也不可,因为它总算是污秽的。
The Sages taught an elaboration of this point in the Tosefta: Opposite a chamber pot used for excrement or urine, it is prohibited to recite Shema, even if there is nothing in it, as it is always considered filthy.
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对着小解本身,非等他掺了水进去,不可诵 《听》。
Opposite urine itself, one may not recite Shema until he pours water into it.
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他要掺进多少水呢?
And how much water must he pour into it?
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拉比撒该 说:四分之一 罗格。
Rabbi Zakkai says: A quarter of a log.
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无论它在床前还是在床后,所断的都是一样。
That is the ruling both when it is before the bed and when it is behind the bed.
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拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 说:在床后可以诵 《听》;在床前便不可诵,须走开四肘,然后才诵。
Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: When it is behind the bed, one may recite Shema, but when it is before the bed, one may not recite Shema, but he must distance himself four cubits and only then recite Shema.
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拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒 更严,说:纵在百肘之大的屋里,非等把它挪开、或放到床底下,不可诵 《听》。
Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar is even more strict, saying: Even in a house one hundred cubits in size, one may not recite Shema until he removes it or places it beneath the bed.
25b.17
提问
学院的门生面前有一疑:拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 这条哈拉哈究竟是怎么说的?他的意思是什么?是说溺器在床后便可立时诵《听》,在床前则走开四肘而诵么?还是说:溺器在床后,他走开四肘才诵《听》;在床前,便根本不可诵?
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学院的门生面前有一疑:拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 这条 哈拉哈 究竟是怎么说的?
A dilemma was raised before students at the yeshiva: How does Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel state this halakha?
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他的意思是什么呢?
What did he mean?
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是说:溺器若在床后,他便立时诵 《听》;若在床前,他走开四肘而诵么?
Did he mean that if the chamber pot is behind the bed, he recites Shema immediately; before the bed, he distances himself four cubits and recites?
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还是说:溺器若在床后,他走开四肘然后诵 《听》;若在床前,便根本不可诵 《听》 呢?
Or perhaps he states the following: If the chamber pot is behind the bed, he distances himself four cubits and then recites Shema, but if it is before the bed he may not recite Shema at all?
25b.18
引证
为断这一疑,革玛拉 举证。且听巴拉伊塔所教的:拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒 说:在床后便立时诵《听》,在床前便走开四肘。拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 说:纵在百肘之大的屋里,非等把它挪开、或放到床底下,不可诵《听》。可见由这段巴拉伊塔知道:那器皿若被床挡住,他便可立时诵《听》。
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为断这一疑,革玛拉 举证。
In order to resolve this dilemma, the Gemara cites proof.
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且来听一段 《巴拉伊塔》 所教的:拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒 说:在床后便立时诵 《听》;在床前,便走开四肘。
Come and hear that it was taught in a baraita: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: If it is behind the bed he recites Shema immediately; before the bed, he distances himself four cubits.
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拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 说:纵在百肘之大的屋里,非等把它挪开、或放到床底下,不可诵 《听》。
Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Even in a large house of one hundred cubits one may not recite Shema until he removes it or places it beneath the bed.
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由这段 《巴拉伊塔》 可见:那器皿若被床挡住,他便可以立时诵 《听》。
Thus we see from this baraita that if the vessel is obstructed by the bed he may recite Shema immediately.
25b.19
反驳
革玛拉 指出:我们的疑是断了,两段巴拉伊塔却彼此相驳——这一段挂在 拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 名下的话,那一段却挂在 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒 名下。革玛拉 解这一驳:把后一段对调过来,就是说那两位坦拿的名字挂错了。
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革玛拉 指出:我们那一疑虽已断了,两段 《巴拉伊塔》 却彼此相驳。
The Gemara notes: Our dilemma has been resolved, but the baraitot contradict each other.
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这一段挂在 拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 名下的话,那一段却挂在 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒 名下。
The statements made in the name of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel in one baraita were made in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar in the other.
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革玛拉 解这一驳:把后一段对调过来,就是说那两位 坦拿 的名字挂错了。
The Gemara resolves the contradiction: Reverse the latter baraita and say that the names of the tanna’im were attached to the wrong opinions.
25b.20
反驳
这解法有难处:你看出什么来,就把后一段对调?何不对调前一段?
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这解法有难处:你看出什么来,就把后一段 《巴拉伊塔》 对调呢?
This solution is difficult: What did you see that led you to reverse the latter baraita?
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何不把前一段对调?
Reverse the first one.
25b.21
解答
革玛拉 就二人素常的主张,证明当对调的是后一段:你听见谁说过「一整间屋算作四肘」?是 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒,他在合界之律里正持此说(依拉夫尼西姆注)。既然如此,这几条哈拉哈上也该是他的意思才合理,所以那段巴拉伊塔当照此对调。
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革玛拉 就这二位素常的主张,证明当对调的是后一段 《巴拉伊塔》。
The Gemara proves that the latter baraita should be reversed in accordance with the opinions expressed by these Sages in general.
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你听见谁说过「一整间屋算作四肘」呢?
Who did you hear that said that an entire house is considered like four cubits?
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是 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒;他在 合界 的诸 哈拉哈 里正持此说(依 拉夫尼西姆注 之解)。
It is Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar, who expressed that opinion in the halakhot of eiruv (Rav Nissim).
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既然如此,这几条 哈拉哈 上也该是他的意思才合理;所以那段 《巴拉伊塔》 当照此对调。
Consequently, it is reasonable to posit that this would also be his opinion with regard to these halakhot, and the baraita was reversed accordingly.
25b.22
提问
拉夫约瑟 说:我曾在 拉夫胡纳 面前提出一疑。有一层我是明白的:床底下的空隙不足三掌之宽,便视为与地相连,如同那空隙不存在——因律例上把不足三掌之宽的空隙看作封死的。那么我所疑的是什么呢?是那空隙有三、四、五、六、七、八或九掌之宽的时候,当怎样断?他对我说:我不知道。至于过了十掌之宽,我自然并无疑问,因那分明另成一域。阿巴耶 对他说:你不疑那一层,是对的;因所断的哈拉哈是:凡十掌之高,便另成一域。
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拉夫约瑟 说:我曾在 拉夫胡纳 面前提出一疑。有一层我是明白的:床底下的空隙若不足三掌之宽,便是 视为相连——视为与地相连,如同那空隙并不存在;因为律例上把不足三掌之宽的空隙看作封死的。
Rav Yosef said: I raised a dilemma before Rav Huna: It is obvious to me that a bed under which there is a space of less than three handbreadths is considered connected [lavud] to the ground as if the void beneath it does not exist, as halakha considers a void of less than three handbreadths as sealed.
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那么我所疑的究竟是什么呢?
What, then, is the dilemma?
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是那空隙有三、四、五、六、七、八或九掌之宽的时候,所断的 哈拉哈 是什么?
What is the halakha if that space is three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine handbreadths?
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他对我说:我不知道。
He said to him: I do not know.
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至于过了十掌之宽,我自然并无疑问,因为那分明另成一域。
However, with regard to a space greater than ten handbreadths I certainly have no dilemma, as it is clear that this space is considered a separate domain.
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阿巴耶 对他说:你不疑那一层,是对的;因为所断的 哈拉哈 是:凡十掌之高,便另成一域。
Abaye said to him: You did well that you did not have a dilemma, as the halakha is that any space ten handbreadths high is a separate domain.
25b.23
推论
拉瓦 总断说:所断的哈拉哈是——不足三掌之宽算作相连,诵《听》是可以的;十掌之宽则另成一域;三掌到十掌之间,正是 拉夫约瑟 在 拉夫胡纳 面前所疑而 拉夫胡纳 未曾为他断的。拉夫 说:哈拉哈照 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒。巴利也说,撒母耳之女所生的拉夫雅各说:哈拉哈照 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒。拉瓦 却说:哈拉哈不照 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒。
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拉瓦 总断说:所断的 哈拉哈 是——不足三掌之宽算作相连,诵 《听》 是可以的。
Rava summarized and said: The halakha is that less than three handbreadths is considered connected and it is permitted to recite Shema.
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十掌之宽,则另成一域。
Ten handbreadths is a separate domain.
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三掌到十掌之间,正是 拉夫约瑟 在 拉夫胡纳 面前所疑、而 拉夫胡纳 不曾为他断的。
Three to ten handbreadths is the case with regard to which Rav Yosef raised a dilemma before Rav Huna, and Rav Huna did not resolve it for him.
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拉夫 说:哈拉哈 照 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒。
Rav said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar.
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巴利 也说,拉夫雅各·本·撒母耳之女 说:哈拉哈 照 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒。
And, so too, the Sage Bali said that Rav Ya’akov, son of Shmuel’s daughter, said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar.
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拉瓦 却说:哈拉哈 不照 拉比西缅·本·以利亚撒。
And Rava said: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar.
25b.24
引证
革玛拉 述说:拉夫阿海为儿子娶了拉夫以撒·巴尔·撒母耳·巴尔·马尔塔家的女儿,领他进婚棚行礼,他却不能圆房。拉夫阿海跟进去察看缘由,见那里放着一卷妥拉书卷。他对他们说:我若不是这时来了,你们险些害了我儿子的性命。因为巴拉伊塔教说:屋里若有妥拉书卷或经匣,非等把它们拿出屋去、或放进一层器皿之外再套一层,不可行夫妻之事。
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革玛拉 述说:拉夫阿海 为自己的儿子娶了 拉夫以撒·巴尔·撒母耳·巴尔·马尔塔 家的女儿。
The Gemara relates: Rav Aḥai arranged for his son to marry into the family of Rav Yitzḥak bar Shmuel bar Marta.
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他领儿子进 婚棚 行婚礼,儿子却几番不能圆房。
He led him to enter the wedding canopy for the wedding ceremony, but he was unsuccessful in his attempts to consummate the marriage.
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拉夫阿海 跟进去察看缘由,看见那里放着一卷 妥拉书卷。
Rav Aḥai followed him to examine possible causes of the problem and he saw a Torah scroll placed there.
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他对他们说:我若不是这时来了,你们险些害了我儿子的性命。
He said to them: Had I not come now, you would have endangered the life of my son.
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因为一段 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:屋里若有 妥拉书卷 或 经匣,非等把它们拿出屋去、或放进一层器皿之外再套一层,不可行夫妻之事。
As it was taught in a baraita: In a room in which there is a Torah scroll or phylacteries, it is forbidden to engage in conjugal relations until he takes them out of the room or places them in a vessel inside a second vessel.
25b.25
推论
阿巴耶 说:所教「一层器皿之外再套一层」便够,只是就那器皿不是它们——妥拉书卷或经匣——素常所用的说的;若是它们素常所用的器皿,纵套十层也只算作一层,妥拉书卷或经匣仍须另用一件素常不作此用的器皿遮起来。拉瓦 说:一件斗篷
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阿巴耶 说:他们所教「放进一层器皿之外再套一层」便够,只是就那器皿不是它们——就是 妥拉书卷 或 经匣——素常所用的说的。
Abaye said: They only taught that a vessel inside a second vessel is sufficient when the vessel is not their, the Torah scroll’s or the phylacteries’, regular vessel.
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若是它们素常所用的器皿,纵套十层也只算作一层;那 妥拉书卷 或 经匣 仍须另用一件素常不作此用的器皿遮起来。
But a vessel that is their regular vessel, even ten vessels are considered as one vessel, and the Torah or phylacteries must be covered in another vessel not typically used for that purpose.
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拉瓦 说:一件斗篷
Rava said: A cloak
朱本段英译到此便断,句子未完;拉瓦 那话的下半,写在下一面(叶二十六正)的头一段。塔木德的段落依页面切分,不依句子,故有此断。