(承叶三十背末)他就取来一只值四百祖兹的宝贵杯子,当着他们摔了,他们便肃然了。
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他就取来一只值四百 祖兹 的宝贵杯子,当着他们摔了;他们便肃然了。
He brought a valuable cup worth four hundred zuz and broke it before them and they became sad.
← 祝祷卷总目·第五章 不可起立祷告
这不是译本,是辅读层。中文承载文本本身,并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释,以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文,其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的,不是判断。
这一面每读 6 句,只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来, 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德;标出来,他才知道自己站在哪里。
(承叶三十背末)他就取来一只值四百祖兹的宝贵杯子,当着他们摔了,他们便肃然了。
他就取来一只值四百 祖兹 的宝贵杯子,当着他们摔了;他们便肃然了。
He brought a valuable cup worth four hundred zuz and broke it before them and they became sad.
革玛拉 又述说:拉夫阿施 为儿子办婚筵,见众贤哲欢喜过度。他取来一只极贵的白玻璃杯,当着他们摔了,他们便肃然了。
革玛拉 又述说:拉夫阿施 为自己的儿子办婚筵,看见众贤哲欢喜过度。
The Gemara also relates: Rav Ashi made a wedding feast for his son and he saw the Sages, who were excessively joyous.
他取来一只极贵的白玻璃杯,当着他们摔了;他们便肃然了。
He brought a cup of extremely valuable white glass and broke it before them, and they became sad.
照样,革玛拉 述说:在 Mar 巴尔·拉维纳的婚筵上,众贤哲对 拉夫哈姆努纳·祖提 说:请夫子为我们唱一曲。他见众人欢乐过了度,就唱着对他们说:我们有祸了,我们必死;我们有祸了,我们必死。他们说:我们当怎样应和你呢?这曲子的和声是什么?他对他们说:你们当应说:护庇我们的妥拉在哪里?诫命在哪里?
照样,革玛拉 述说:在 玛尔·巴尔·拉维纳 的婚筵上,众贤哲对 拉夫哈姆努纳·祖提 说:请夫子为我们唱一曲。
Similarly, the Gemara relates: The Sages said to Rav Hamnuna Zuti at the wedding feast of Mar, son of Ravina: Let the Master sing for us.
他见众人欢乐过了度,就唱着对他们说:我们有祸了,我们必死;我们有祸了,我们必死。
Since he believed that the merriment had become excessive, he said to them, singing: Woe unto us, for we shall die, woe unto us, for we shall die.
他们对他说:我们当怎样应和你呢?
They said to him: What shall we respond after you?
这曲子的和声是什么呢?
What is the chorus of the song?
他对他们说:你们当应说——护庇我们的 妥拉 在哪里?诫命在哪里?
He said to them, you should respond: Where is Torah and where is mitzva that protect us?
同一路上,拉比约哈难 以 拉比西缅·本·约哈伊 之名说:人在今世不可满口欢笑,只要我们还在流亡之中(依高昂众之解),正如经上所说:「当耶和华将那些被掳的带回锡安的时候,我们好像做梦的人」(诗篇 126:1)。到那时才「我们满口喜笑,满舌欢呼」(诗篇 126:2)。那欢乐之世几时来到呢?到「外邦中就有人说:耶和华为他们行了大事」(诗篇 126:2)之时。人说雷什·拉基什自从听了他师 拉比约哈难 这话,一生在今世不曾满口欢笑。
同一路上,拉比约哈难 以 拉比西缅·本·约哈伊 之名说:人在今世不可满口欢笑,只要我们还在流亡之中(依 高昂众 之解),正如经上所说:「当耶和华将那些被掳的带回锡安的时候,我们好像做梦的人」(诗篇 126:1)。
In a similar vein, Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: One is forbidden to fill his mouth with mirth in this world, as long as we are in exile (ge’onim), as it is stated: “When the Lord returns the captivity of Zion we will be as dreamers” (Psalms 126:1).
到那时才「我们满口喜笑,满舌欢呼」(诗篇 126:2)。
Only “then will our mouths fill with laughter and our lips with song” (Psalms 126:2).
那欢乐之世几时来到呢?
When will that joyous era arrive?
到「外邦中就有人说:耶和华为他们行了大事」(诗篇 126:2)之时。
When “they will say among nations, the Lord has done great things with these” (Psalms 126:2).
人说 雷什·拉基什 自从听了他师 拉比约哈难 这一句,一生在今世不曾满口欢笑。
They said about Reish Lakish that throughout his life he did not fill his mouth with laughter in this world once he heard this statement from his teacher, Rabbi Yoḥanan.
密释纳里学过:人当从郑重的心境里起来祷告。就此,贤哲教说:人不可刚断完案便起来祷告,也不可刚议完一条哈拉哈的裁断便起来祷告——那案子或那裁断萦在心上,必分了他祷告的意。当从研习一条众所公认、断然无疑、不留余议的哈拉哈里起来祷告,那样便不至于在祷中分心。
密释纳里我们学过:人当从郑重的心境里起来祷告。
We learned in the mishna that it is appropriate to stand and begin to pray from an atmosphere of gravity.
就着这件事,贤哲们教说:人不可刚断完一桩案便起来祷告,也不可刚议完一条 哈拉哈 的裁断便起来祷告;那案子或那裁断萦在他心上,必分了他祷告的意。
Regarding this, the Sages taught: One may neither stand and begin to pray, directly from involvement in judgment nor directly from deliberation over the ruling in a matter of halakha, as his preoccupation with the judgment or the halakhic ruling will distract him from prayer.
当从研习一条众所公认、断然无疑、不留余议的 哈拉哈 里起来祷告,那样便不至于在祷告中分心。
Rather it is appropriate to pray directly from involvement in the study of a universally accepted conclusive halakha that leaves no room for further deliberation and will not distract him during prayer.
革玛拉 问:什么样的算是断然无疑的哈拉哈呢?
革玛拉 问:什么样的算是那断然无疑的 哈拉哈 呢?
And the Gemara asks: What is an example of a conclusive halakha?
革玛拉 举数例。阿巴耶 说:像 拉比泽拉 那一条——拉比泽拉 说:以色列的女儿于此自加严格,纵然只见芥子那么大的一点血,也为它数七个洁净的日子。按妥拉之律,妇人在月经定期之后十一日内见血的,不算月经中的妇人,只须浸洗,次日便洁;可是以色列的妇人自加严格,凡见血无论多少,都照漏症之妇而行——那是须再数七个洁净之日才得洁的(参利未记 15:25)。
革玛拉 举数例为证。阿巴耶 说:像 拉比泽拉 那一条 哈拉哈——拉比泽拉 说:以色列的女儿于此自加严格,纵然只见芥子那么大的一点血,也为它数七个洁净的日子。
The Gemara offers several examples: Abaye said: One like this halakha of Rabbi Zeira, as Rabbi Zeira said: The daughters of Israel were stringent with themselves; to the extent that even if they see a drop of blood corresponding to the size of a mustard seed she sits seven clean days for it.
按 妥拉 之律,妇人在月经定期之后十一日内见血的,不算作月经中的妇人;她只须浸洗,次日便洁净了。
By Torah law, a woman who witnesses the emission of blood during the eleven days following her fixed menstrual period is not considered a menstruating woman; rather she immerses herself and is purified the next day.
然而以色列的妇人自加了这一层严格:凡见血无论多少,都照 漏症之妇 之血而行——那是责她再数七个洁净的日子,才得洁净(参利未记 15:25)。
However, the women of Israel accepted the stringency upon themselves that if they see any blood whatsoever, they act as it if were the blood of a zava, which obligates her to count seven more clean days before becoming ritually pure (see Leviticus 15:25).
再举一条断然无疑的哈拉哈:拉瓦 说:像 拉夫何西亚 那一条——拉夫何西亚 说:人可以设法避开自己粮上的责任,把粮连糠带进院子里,好叫牲口吃,那粮便免了十一奉献。按律,粮打过、堆起了,无论所备何用,人都当献十一;然而按妥拉之律,未打过、仍在糠里的粮,是免了十一的。按拉比之律,这样的粮不可作正餐来吃;至于喂牲口,则不必先献十一。
再举一条断然无疑的 哈拉哈:拉瓦 说:像 拉夫何西亚 那一条——拉夫何西亚 说:人可以设法避开自己粮上所当尽的责,把粮连糠一同带进院子里,好叫他的牲口吃;那粮便免了十一奉献。
Citing an additional example of a conclusive halakha, Rava said: One like this halakha of Rav Hoshaya, as Rav Hoshaya said: A person may employ artifice to circumvent obligations incumbent upon him in dealing with his grain and bring it into the courtyard in its chaff so that his animal will eat from it, and the grain is exempt from tithes.
按律,粮既打过、堆起了,无论所备是作什么用,人都当献十一。
Halakha dictates that one is obligated to tithe grain that has been threshed and piled, regardless of the ultimate purpose for which the grain was intended.
然而按 妥拉 之律,未曾打过、仍在糠里的粮,是免了十一的。
By Torah law, one is exempt from tithing grain that was not threshed and is therefore still in its chaff.
按拉比之律,这样的粮不可作正餐来吃。
By rabbinic law, one is prohibited from eating this grain in the framework of a meal.
至于拿去喂牲口,则不必先献十一。
Feeding animals is permitted without first tithing that grain.
你若愿意,也可以另举一条断然无疑的哈拉哈,作祷告之先的功课:像 拉夫胡纳 那一条——拉夫胡纳 引 拉比泽拉 说:人从分别为圣、要作祭牲的牲畜身上放血,那血是禁人得益的。祭牲的血洒在坛上之后,虽不算圣殿之物,然而从活着的圣牲身上取血得益,仍算擅用圣物。人这样行,便是擅用了归圣殿的物;如同别样擅用圣物一样,他若是无心而行的,就该献赎愆祭。
你若愿意,也可以另举一条断然无疑的 哈拉哈,作祷告之先所当习的。
And if you wish, say instead yet another example of a conclusive halakha, which is the recommended prelude to prayer.
像 拉夫胡纳 那一条——拉夫胡纳 引 拉比泽拉 说:人从那分别为圣、要作祭牲的牲畜身上放血,那血是禁人得益的。
One like this halakha of Rav Huna, as Rav Huna said that Rabbi Zeira said: One who lets blood from a consecrated animal that was consecrated as a sacrifice; deriving benefit from that blood is prohibited.
祭牲的血洒在坛上之后,虽不算作圣殿之物;然而从活着的圣牲身上取血而得益,仍算擅用圣物。
Although blood of an offering that was sprinkled on the altar is not considered Temple property, nevertheless, deriving benefit from the blood of a living, consecrated animal is considered prohibited use of Temple property.
人这样行,便是擅用了归圣殿的物;如同别样擅用圣物一样,他若是无心而行的,就该献 赎愆祭。
In so doing, one misuses property consecrated to the Temple, and as in any other case of misusing Temple property, if he did so unwittingly, he is liable to bring a guilt-offering.
有记着说:众贤哲照我们那条密释纳而行,从郑重的心境里起来祷告;拉夫阿施 则照那段巴拉伊塔而行,祷告之先先习一条断然无疑的哈拉哈。
有记着说:众贤哲照我们那一条密释纳而行,从郑重的心境里起来祷告;拉夫阿施 则照那段 《巴拉伊塔》 而行,祷告之先先习一条断然无疑的 哈拉哈。
It is related that the Sages acted in accordance with the opinion of our mishna and rose to pray from an atmosphere of gravity; Rav Ashi acted in accordance with the opinion of the baraita and preceded his prayer with a conclusive halakha.
论到祷告当怎样预备,贤哲教说:人不可从忧闷里起来祷告,不可从懒散里、不可从欢笑里、不可从闲谈里、不可从轻浮里、不可从无益之事里起来祷告;乃当从行诫命的喜乐里起来祷告。
论到祷告当怎样预备,贤哲们教说:人不可从忧闷里起来祷告,不可从懒散里起来祷告,不可从欢笑里、闲谈里、轻浮里、或无益之事里起来祷告。
On the topic of proper preparation for prayer, the Sages taught: One may neither stand to pray from an atmosphere of sorrow nor from an atmosphere of laziness, nor from an atmosphere of laughter, nor from an atmosphere of conversation, nor from an atmosphere of frivolity, nor from an atmosphere of purposeless matters.
乃当从行诫命的喜乐里起来祷告。
Rather, one should approach prayer from an atmosphere imbued with the joy of a mitzva.
照样,人与人作别,不可从闲谈里作别,不可从欢笑里、轻浮里、无益之事里作别;乃当从一条哈拉哈里作别。我们在早期先知的书上正见如此:他们以称颂与安慰的话收束自己的谈论。
照样,人与人作别,不可从闲谈里作别,也不可从欢笑里、轻浮里、或无益之事里作别。
Similarly, a person should neither take leave of another from an atmosphere of conversation, nor from an atmosphere of laughter, nor from an atmosphere of frivolity, nor from an atmosphere of purposeless matters.
乃当从一条 哈拉哈 里作别。
Rather, one should take leave of another from involvement in a matter of halakha.
我们在早期先知的那几卷书上正见如此:他们以称颂与安慰的话收束自己的谈论。
As we found in the books of the Bible dealing with the early prophets, that they would conclude their talks with words of praise and consolation.
拉比耶利米·巴尔·阿巴之子 拉夫胡纳 的孙子 Mari 也在巴拉伊塔里这样教:人与人作别,惟当从一条哈拉哈里作别,这样那人便记念他——日后每想起与他作别的人,就因他所教的那条新哈拉哈而念他的好(依《小以利亚》之解)。
拉夫胡纳之孙玛里 也在一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里这样教:人与人作别,惟当从一条 哈拉哈 里作别;这样,那人便要记念他——日后每想起与自己作别的人,就因他所教的那一条新 哈拉哈 而念他的好(依 《小以利亚》 之解)。
And so Mari, the grandson of Rav Huna, son of Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba, taught in a baraita: One should only take leave of another from involvement in a matter of halakha, so that, consequently, he will remember him; whenever he recalls the one from whom he took leave, he will think well of him because of the new halakha that he taught him (Eliyahu Zuta).
正如 革玛拉 所述的一件事:拉夫卡哈纳 送拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施,自蓬·纳哈拉城送到巴比伦的棕树林。到了那里,拉夫卡哈纳 对拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施说:夫子,人常说「巴比伦这些棕树,自始祖亚当那时起就在这地方,直到如今」,这话是什么意思?
正如 革玛拉 所述的一件事:拉夫卡哈纳 送 拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施,自 蓬·纳哈拉 城一直送到巴比伦的棕树林。
As in the incident related by the Gemara that Rav Kahana accompanied Rav Shimi bar Ashi from the town of Pum Nahara to the palm grove in Babylonia.
到了那里,拉夫卡哈纳 对 拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施 说:夫子,人常说「巴比伦这些棕树,自 始祖亚当 那时起就在这地方,直到如今」,这话是什么意思呢?
When he arrived there, Rav Kahana said to Rav Shimi bar Ashi: Master, what is meant by that which people say: These palm trees of Babylonia have been in this place from the time of Adam the first man until now?
拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施对他说:你倒提醒了我 拉比哈尼纳 之子 拉比约西 所说的一句。拉比哈尼纳 之子 拉比约西 说:经上写着「无人经过、无人〔亚当〕居住之地」(耶利米书 2:6),是什么意思?这一句难通:既是无人经过之地,谁能在那里长住呢?「无人居住」一语岂不是多余的?所以这一节乃是教人知道:凡始祖亚当经过而定为可住之地,便有人住;凡他经过而定为不可住之地,便无人住。据此,人所常说的是真的:巴比伦的棕树自始祖亚当而有——就是说自亚当那时,这地便被定为宜生棕树之地(依梅伊里注之解)。革玛拉 至此举了一例,见人以妥拉之言与人作别,那人便学着新的一层。
拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施 对他说:你倒提醒了我 拉比哈尼纳 之子 拉比约西 所说的一句话。
Rav Shimi bar Ashi said to him: You reminded me of something that Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said, as Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “In a land through which no man has passed and where no person [adam] has settled” (Jeremiah 2:6)?
这一句难通:既是无人经过之地,谁能在那里长住呢?「无人居住」这一语,岂不是多余的么?
This verse is difficult; since it is a land through which no person has passed, how could anyone have settled there permanently?
「无人居住」这一语,岂不是多余的么?
The statement that “no person has settled there” is redundant.
所以这一节乃是要教人知道:凡 始祖亚当 经过、并定为可住之地,便有人住;凡他经过、并定为不可住之地,便无人住。
Rather, this verse comes to teach that every land through which Adam the first man passed and decreed that it would be settled was settled, and every land through which Adam passed and decreed that it would not be settled was not settled.
据此看来,人所常说的是真的:巴比伦的棕树自 始祖亚当 而有——就是说,自亚当那时起,这地便被定为宜生棕树之地(依 梅伊里注 之解)。
Based on this, what people say is true, and the palm trees of Babylonia are from the time of Adam, meaning that from the time of Adam this land was decreed to be suitable for growing palm trees (Me’iri).
革玛拉 至此举了这一例,见人以 妥拉 之言与人作别,那人便学着了新的一层。
The Gemara cited an example of how one who parts from another with Torah learns something new.
既提到门生当送师父这一诫,革玛拉 述说:拉夫末底改 送他的师父拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施送得极远,自哈格罗尼亚城送到贝·凯菲;有人说是自哈格罗尼亚送到贝·杜拉。
既提到门生当送师父这一件诫命,革玛拉 述说:拉夫末底改 送他的师父 拉夫希米·巴尔·阿施 送得极远,自 哈格罗尼亚 城一直送到 贝·凯菲;有人说是自 哈格罗尼亚 送到 贝·杜拉。
Having mentioned the mitzva for a student to accompany his Rabbi, the Gemara relates that Rav Mordekhai accompanied his mentor, Rav Shimi bar Ashi, a great distance, from the city of Hagronya to Bei Keifei; and some say that he accompanied from Hagronya to Bei Dura.
回到祷告当怎样预备一事:贤哲在《托塞夫塔》里教说:人祷告,须把心归向上天。阿巴·扫罗 说:这件事之要,正见于那一节:「耶和华啊,谦卑人的心愿,你早已知道;你必预备他们的心,也必侧耳听他们的祈求」(诗篇 10:17)。就是说,人祷告时若因神预备了他的心而专心,他的祷告必蒙悦纳,因神必侧耳而听。
回到祷告当怎样预备一事:贤哲们在 《托塞夫塔》 里教说:人祷告,须把心归向上天。
Returning to the topic of preparation for prayer, the Sages taught in the Tosefta: One who prays must focus his heart toward Heaven.
阿巴·扫罗 说:这件事所以要紧,正见于那一节:「耶和华啊,谦卑人的心愿,你早已知道;你必预备他们的心,也必侧耳听他们的祈求」(诗篇 10:17)。
Abba Shaul says: An indication of the importance of this matter is stated in the verse: “The desire of the humble You have heard, Lord; direct their hearts, Your ear will listen” (Psalms 10:17).
就是说:人祷告的时候,若因神预备了他的心而专了心,他的祷告必蒙悦纳,因为神必侧耳而听。
In other words, if one focuses his heart in prayer as a result of God directing his heart, his prayer will be accepted as God’s ear will listen.
论祷中的用心,巴拉伊塔里 拉比犹大 说:拉比阿奇瓦 素来如此——他与会众同祷时,把祷词缩短了就起来,免得叫会众等他祷完、成了他们的累。可是他独自祷告的时候,却祷得那样长:人离开他时他在学舍这一角,回来时还见他在那一角祷告。他何以这样挪来挪去呢?是因他躬身与俯伏之故。拉比阿奇瓦 祷时的热切如此,以致因躬身俯伏而不觉从这一角挪到了那一角(依拉夫哈伊·高昂之解)。
论到祷中的用心,一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里 拉比犹大 说:拉比阿奇瓦 素来如此——他与会众同祷的时候,把祷词缩短了就起来,因为他不愿叫会众等他祷完、成了他们的累。
With regard to one’s intent during prayer, it was taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda said: This was the custom of Rabbi Akiva, when he would pray with the congregation he would shorten his prayer and go up, due to his desire to avoid being an encumbrance on the congregation by making them wait for him to finish his prayer.
可是他独自祷告的时候,却祷得那样长:人离开他时,他在学舍这一角;回来时,还见他在那一角祷告。
But when he prayed by himself he would extend his prayers to an extent that a person would leave Rabbi Akiva alone in one corner of the study hall and later find him still praying in another corner.
拉比阿奇瓦 何以这样挪来挪去呢?
And why would Rabbi Akiva move about so much?
是因他躬身与俯伏之故。
Because of his bows and prostrations.
拉比阿奇瓦 祷时的热切如此,以致因躬身俯伏而不觉从这一角挪到了那一角(依 拉夫哈伊·高昂 之解)。
Rabbi Akiva’s enthusiasm in prayer was so great, that as a result of his bows and prostrations, he would unwittingly move from one corner to the other (Rav Hai Gaon).
有许多哈拉哈是从圣经人物的祷告推出来的。拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 说:人当常在有窗的屋里祷告,正如经上论但以理所说:「但以理知道这禁令盖了玉玺,就到自己家里(他楼上的窗户开向耶路撒冷),一日三次,双膝跪在他神面前,祷告感谢,与素常一样」(但以理书 6:10)。
有许多 哈拉哈 是从圣经人物的祷告推出来的。
Many halakhot are derived from evoking the prayers of biblical characters.
拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 说:人当常在有窗的屋里祷告,正如经上论 但以理 所说:「但以理知道这禁令盖了玉玺,就到自己家里。」
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: One should always pray in a house with windows, as it is stated regarding Daniel: “And when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went to his house.
「(他楼上的窗户开向耶路撒冷,)一日三次,双膝跪在他神面前,祷告感谢,与素常一样」(但以理书 6:10)。
In his attic there were open windows facing Jerusalem, and three times a day he knelt upon his knees and prayed and gave thanks before his God, just as he had done before” (Daniel 6:11).
《托塞夫塔》里另从但以理的祷告推出几条哈拉哈。我本可以想:人尽可整日随意祷告多少次;但以理已把这话说定了,论他说的是「一日三次,双膝跪着祷告」——这就教人知道:祷告是有定时的。
《托塞夫塔》 里另从 但以理 的祷告推出几条 哈拉哈。
In the Tosefta, additional halakhot were derived from Daniel’s prayer.
我本可以想:人尽可整日随自己的意思祷告多少次;然而 但以理 已把这话说定了,论他说的是「一日三次,双膝跪着祷告」。这就教人知道:祷告是有定时的。
I might have thought that one could pray as many times as he wishes throughout the entire day; it has already been articulated by Daniel, with regard to whom it is stated: “And three times a day he knelt upon his knees and prayed.” This teaches that there are fixed prayers.
我又本可以想:这定时祷告的规矩,是他到了巴比伦被掳之地才起的;经上却说「与素常一样」。
我又本可以想:这定时祷告的规矩,是他到了巴比伦被掳之地才起的;经上却说:「与素常一样。」
I might have thought that this practice of fixed prayer began only when he came to the Babylonian exile; it was stated: “Just as he had done before.”
再者,我本可以想:人祷告可以随意向着哪一方;经上却说明祷告当向的方向——「开向耶路撒冷」。
再者,我本可以想:人祷告可以随自己的意思向着哪一方;经上却说明了祷告当向的方向——「开向耶路撒冷」。
Further, I might have thought that one may pray facing any direction he wishes; the verse states: The appropriate direction for prayer is “facing Jerusalem.”
但以理并没有说这三次祷告在一日之内怎样分。我本可以想:人尽可把三次并在一时诵完;大卫却早把这话说定了,说不可如此,因为写着「我要晚上、早晨、晌午哀声悲叹,他就听我的声音」(诗篇 55:17)。
但以理 并没有说这三次祷告在一日之内是怎样分的。
Daniel does not describe how these three prayers are distributed during the day.
我本可以想:人尽可把这三次并在一时诵完;然而 大卫 早把这话说定了,说不可如此,因为经上写着:「我要晚上、早晨、晌午哀声悲叹,他就听我的声音」(诗篇 55:17)。
I might have thought that one may include all three prayers at one time; it has already been articulated by David that one may not do so, as it is written: “Evening and morning and noon, I pray and cry aloud and He hears my voice” (Psalms 55:18).
再者,我本可以想:人诵《立祷》可以出声;哈拿在她的祷告里却早把这话说定了,因为经上说:「哈拿心中默祷,只动嘴唇,不出声音」(撒母耳记上 1:13)。
再者,我本可以想:人诵 《立祷》 可以让人听见自己的声音;然而 哈拿 在她的祷告里早把这话说定了,因为经上说:「哈拿心中默祷,只动嘴唇,不出声音」(撒母耳记上 1:13)。
Furthermore, I might have thought that one may make his voice heard in his Amida prayer; it has already been articulated by Hannah in her prayer, as it is stated: “And Hannah spoke in her heart, only her lips moved and her voice could not be heard” (I Samuel 1:13).
祷告次序上的几条哈拉哈,也是从圣经人物的祷告学来的。我本可以想:人当先求自己所需,然后才称谢颂赞;所罗门却早把这话说定了,说不是这样,因他在献殿的祷告里说:「求你垂听仆人今日在你面前的祈祷呼吁」(列王纪上 8:28)。此处「呼吁」指称谢颂赞之祷,「祈祷」指求自己所需。所以人祷告,起了《真实而坚定》——那是《立祷》之先的一段——之后,便不再说求告的话;乃先以《立祷》起首三段称颂,然后才求自己所需。至于《立祷》之后,就没有限了:他若愿意,纵诵得像赎罪日的认罪辞那么长,也可以诵。
祷告次序上的几条 哈拉哈,也是从圣经人物的祷告学来的。
Halakhot regarding the order of the prayers were also learned from the prayers of biblical characters.
我本可以想:人当先求自己所需的,然后才诵称谢与颂赞之祷;然而 所罗门 早把这话说定了,说不是这样——他在献圣殿的祷告里说:「求你垂听仆人今日在你面前的祈祷呼吁」(列王纪上 8:28)。
I might have thought that one should request his own needs first, and afterwards recite prayers of thanksgiving and praise; it has already been articulated by Solomon that this is not so, as in Solomon’s prayer at the dedication of the Holy Temple it is stated: “To hear the song and the prayer that Your servant prays before You today” (I Kings 8:28).
在这一节里,「呼吁」是指称谢颂赞那一层的祷,「祈祷」是指人求自己所需。
In this verse, song is prayer in the sense of thanks and praise, and prayer is one’s request of his personal needs.
所以人祷告的时候,起了 《真实而坚定》——那是 《立祷》 之先所诵、为祷告之本的一段——之后,便不再说求告的话。
Therefore, one who is praying does not speak matters of request after he began to recite emet veyatziv prior to the Amida prayer, which is the essence of prayer.
乃是先以 《立祷》 起首三段称颂,然后才在其中求自己所需的。
Rather, he begins with praise in the first three blessings of the Amida prayer, and only thereafter does he include requests for his needs.
至于 《立祷》 之后,便没有限了。
But after the Amida prayer there is no limit.
他若愿意,纵诵得像 赎罪日 的认罪辞那么长,也可以诵。
If he desires to recite even the equivalent of the order of the confession of Yom Kippur, he may recite it.
一位阿摩拉也这样说:拉夫希亚·巴尔·阿希 引 拉夫 说:贤哲虽说人在「听祷告的」一段里求自己所需,那是就他要在《立祷》之内求的说的。他若诵完《立祷》之后另要加求,纵所求的像赎罪日的认罪辞那么长,也可以诵。
一位 阿摩拉 也这样说:拉夫希亚·巴尔·阿希 引 拉夫 说:贤哲虽说人在「听祷告的」那一段里求自己所需,那是就他要在 《立祷》 之内如此行的人说的。
This was also stated by an amora; Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi said that Rav said: Although the Sages said that one requests his personal needs in the blessing: Who listens to prayer, that is with regard to one who wishes to do so as part of the Amida prayer.
他若诵完了 《立祷》 之后另要加求,纵然所求的像 赎罪日 的认罪辞那么长,也可以诵。
If he comes to add and recite additional requests after completing his Amida prayer, even if his personal requests are the equivalent of the order of the confession of Yom Kippur, he may recite them.
拉夫哈姆努纳 说:从哈拿祷告的这几节,能推出多少要紧的哈拉哈啊!经上说:「哈拿心中默祷,只动嘴唇,不出声音,因此以利以为她喝醉了」(撒母耳记上 1:13)。革玛拉 细说:由「哈拿心中默祷」,推出人祷告须把心专在祷告上;由「只动嘴唇」,推出人祷告须用嘴唇把字句念出来,不可单在心里默想;由「不出声音」,推出人诵《立祷》不可扬声,须默默地诵;由下半句「因此以利以为她喝醉了」,推出醉了的人不可祷告——以利正是为此责她。
拉夫哈姆努纳 说:从 哈拿 祷告的这几节,能推出多少要紧的 哈拉哈 啊!
Rav Hamnuna said: How many significant halakhot can be derived from these verses of the prayer of Hannah?
因为经上说:「哈拿心中默祷,只动嘴唇,不出声音,因此以利 以为她喝醉了」(撒母耳记上 1:13)。
As it says: “And Hannah spoke in her heart, only her lips moved and her voice could not be heard, so Eli thought her to be drunk” (I Samuel 1:13).
革玛拉 细说:由此处所说「哈拿心中默祷」,推出人祷告须把心专在自己的祷告上。
The Gemara elaborates: From that which is stated here: “And Hannah spoke in her heart,” the halakha that one who prays must focus his heart on his prayer is derived.
由此处所说「只动嘴唇」,推出人祷告须用嘴唇把字句念出来,不可单在心里默想。
And from that which is stated here: “Only her lips moved,” the halakha that one who prays must enunciate the words with his lips, not only contemplate them in his heart, is derived.
由此处所写「不出声音」,推出人诵 《立祷》 不可扬声,须默默地诵。
From that which is written here: “And her voice could not be heard,” the halakha that one is forbidden to raise his voice in his Amida prayer as it must be recited silently.
由这一节接着所说「因此以利 以为她喝醉了」,推出醉了的人不可祷告。
From the continuation of the verse here: “So Eli thought her to be drunk,” the halakha that a drunk person is forbidden to pray.
以利 正是为此责备她。
That is why he rebuked her.
论以利责哈拿一事,经上说:「以利对她说:你要醉到几时呢?你不应该喝酒」(撒母耳记上 1:14)。拉比以利亚撒 说:由此推出一条哈拉哈——人若见别人
论到 以利 责备哈拿一事,经上说:「以利 对她说:你要醉到几时呢?」
On the subject of Eli’s rebuke of Hannah, as it is stated: “And Eli said to her: How long will you remain drunk?
「你不应该喝酒」(撒母耳记上 1:14)。拉比以利亚撒 说:由此推出一条 哈拉哈——人若看见别人
Remove your wine from yourself” (I Samuel 1:14); Rabbi Elazar said: From here the halakha that one who sees in another
本段英译到此便断,句子未完;这一条的下半,写在下一面(叶三十一背)的头一段。塔木德的段落依页面切分,不依句子,故有此断。