32b.1
推论
拉比以利亚撒 说:这一段见得祷告胜过单有善行(依托萨福之解)——论善行,无人过于我们的夫子摩西;然而他求进以色列地,末了所得的那一分应允,也是靠祷告得的:神许他上山遥望那地。因起先说的是「不要再向我提这事」,紧接着写的却是「你且上毗斯迦山顶去」。
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拉比以利亚撒 说:这一段见得祷告胜过单有善行(依 托萨福 之解)——论善行,无人过于我们的夫子 摩西;然而他求进 以色列地,末了所得的那一分应允,也是靠祷告得的:神许他上山遥望那地。
Rabbi Elazar said: This story proves that prayer is greater than good deeds without prayer (Tosafot), as there was none greater in the performance of good deeds than Moses our teacher; nevertheless, his request was granted, albeit in a limited manner, in his request to enter Eretz Yisrael, only through prayer, when God permitted him to climb the mountain and look out over the land.
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因为起先说的是「不要再向我提这事」,紧接着写的却是「你且上毗斯迦山顶去」。
As, initially it is stated: “Speak no more to Me,” juxtaposed to which is: “Go up to the summit of the mountain.”
32b.2
推论
既比过祷告与善行,革玛拉 再作一比。拉比以利亚撒 说:禁食胜过周济。何以禁食为胜呢?因禁食是以身行的诫命——人自苦其身;周济不过是以财行的。
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既比过了祷告与善行,革玛拉 再作一比。
After comparing and contrasting prayer and good deeds, the Gemara explores another comparison.
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拉比以利亚撒 说:禁食胜过周济。
Rabbi Elazar said: A fast is greater than charity.
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何以禁食为胜呢?
What is the reason that fasting is greater?
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因为禁食是以自己的身子行的诫命——他自苦其身;周济不过是以自己的财物行的。
Because a fast is a mitzva performed with one’s body as he afflicts himself, while charity is performed only with one’s money.
32b.3
推论
又一比:拉比以利亚撒 说:祷告胜过献祭,正如经上所说:「耶和华说:你们所献的许多祭物与我何益呢?公绵羊的燔祭和肥畜的脂油,我已经够了;公牛的血,羊羔的血,公山羊的血,我都不喜悦」(以赛亚书 1:11)。再过几节又写着:「你们举手祷告,我必遮眼不看;就是你们多多地祈祷,我也不听。你们的手都满了杀人的血」(以赛亚书 1:15)。可见不单以色列的祭物,连他们的祷告——那本在更高一层——也不蒙悦纳。
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又作一比:拉比以利亚撒 说:祷告胜过献祭,正如经上所说:「耶和华说:你们所献的许多祭物与我何益呢?」
In another comparison, Rabbi Elazar said: Prayer is greater than sacrifices, as it is stated: “To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices to Me, says the Lord.
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「公绵羊的燔祭和肥畜的脂油,我已经够了;公牛的血,羊羔的血,公山羊的血,我都不喜悦」(以赛亚书 1:11)。
I am full of the burnt-offerings of rams and the fat of fed beasts; I do not desire the blood of bulls and sheep and goats” (Isaiah 1:11).
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再过几节又写着:「你们举手祷告,我必遮眼不看;就是你们多多地祈祷,我也不听。你们的手都满了杀人的血」(以赛亚书 1:15)。
And several verses later it is written: “And when you spread forth your hands I will hide My eyes from you, and even if you increase your prayer, I will not hear; your hands are full of blood” (Isaiah 1:15).
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可见不单以色列的祭物,连他们的祷告——那本在更高一层——也不蒙悦纳。
Not only Israel’s sacrifices, but even their prayers, which are on a higher spiritual level, will not be accepted.
32b.4
推论
就以赛亚这一节,革玛拉 引 拉比约哈难 说:祭司若杀过人,就不可举手行祭司的祝福,正如经上所说:「你们举手祷告,我必遮眼不看……你们的手都满了杀人的血。」可见祭司的祝福是举手而行的,而「手满了血」的祭司行之,不蒙悦纳。
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就着以赛亚这一节,革玛拉 引 拉比约哈难 说:祭司若杀过人,就不可举手行 祭司的祝福,正如经上所说:「你们举手祷告,我必遮眼不看……你们的手都满了杀人的血。」可见 祭司的祝福 既是举手而行的,那手满了血的祭司行之,便不蒙悦纳。
Speaking of that verse in Isaiah, the Gemara cites that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Any priest who killed a person may not lift his hands in the Priestly Blessing as it is stated: “And when you spread forth your hands I will hide My eyes from you…your hands are full of blood.” Here we see that the Priestly Blessing, performed with hands spread forth, is not accepted when performed by priests whose “hands are full of blood.”
32b.5
推论
论祷告,拉比以利亚撒 又说:自圣殿被毁那日起,祷告之门就关了,祷告不再像从前那样蒙纳,正如哀圣殿之毁所说:「我哀号求救,他使我的祷告不得上达」(耶利米哀歌 3:8)。然而祷告之门虽随圣殿之毁而关,眼泪之门却没有关;人在神面前哭,尽可放心:他的祷告必蒙应允,正如经上所说:「耶和华啊,求你听我的祷告,留心听我的呼求;我流泪,求你不要静默无声」(诗篇 39:12)。这祷既是求神留心那祷告之人的眼泪,可见他自信眼泪之门至少不曾关。
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论到祷告,拉比以利亚撒 又说:自圣殿被毁的那一日起,祷告之门就关了,祷告不再像从前那样蒙纳;正如哀圣殿之毁时所说:「我哀号求救,他使我的祷告不得上达」(耶利米哀歌 3:8)。
On the subject of prayer, Rabbi Elazar also said: Since the day the Temple was destroyed the gates of prayer were locked and prayer is not accepted as it once was, as it is said in lamentation of the Temple’s destruction: “Though I plead and call out, He shuts out my prayer” (Lamentations 3:8).
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然而祷告之门虽随圣殿之毁而关了,眼泪之门却没有关;人在神面前哭,尽可放心:他的祷告必蒙应允,正如经上所说:「耶和华啊,求你听我的祷告,留心听我的呼求;我流泪,求你不要静默无声」(诗篇 39:12)。
Yet, despite the fact that the gates of prayer were locked with the destruction of the Temple, the gates of tears were not locked, and one who cries before God may rest assured that his prayers will be answered, as it is stated: “Hear my prayer, Lord, and give ear to my pleading, keep not silence at my tears” (Psalms 39:13).
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这一祷既是求神留心那祷告之人的眼泪,可见他自信:眼泪之门至少不曾关。
Since this prayer is a request that God should pay heed to the tears of one who is praying, he is certain that at least the gates of tears are not locked.
32b.6
引证
论祷告之门关闭一事,革玛拉 述说:拉瓦 不在阴天定禁食之日,因经上说:「你以黑云遮蔽自己,以致祷告不得透入」(耶利米哀歌 3:44)。那一节表明云是凶兆,见神已掩了面(依拉夫哈伊·高昂之解)。
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论到祷告之门关闭一事,革玛拉 述说:拉瓦 不在阴天定禁食之日,因为经上说:「你以黑云遮蔽自己,以致祷告不得透入」(耶利米哀歌 3:44)。
With regard to the locking of the gates of prayer, the Gemara relates that Rava did not decree a fast on a cloudy day because it is stated: “You have covered Yourself in a cloud, through which prayer cannot pass” (Lamentations 3:44).
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那一节表明云是凶兆,见得神已掩了面(依 拉夫哈伊·高昂 之解)。
The verse indicates that clouds are a bad omen, indicating that God has averted His face (Rav Hai Gaon).
32b.7
推论
拉比以利亚撒 又说:自圣殿被毁那日起,有一道铁墙隔在以色列与天上的父之间,正如神吩咐先知以西结、要他以此表明那隔绝所说的:「你要拿一个铁鏊,放在你和城的中间,作为铁墙……这样,必成为以色列家的预兆」(以西结书 4:3)。
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拉比以利亚撒 又说:自圣殿被毁的那一日起,有一道铁墙隔在以色列与天上的父之间;正如神吩咐先知 以西结、要他以此表明那隔绝时所说的:「你要拿一个铁鏊,放在你和城的中间,作为铁墙……这样,必成为以色列家的预兆」(以西结书 4:3)。
And Rabbi Elazar said: Since the day the Temple was destroyed an iron wall separates Israel from their Father in heaven, as it is stated to the prophet Ezekiel, instructing him to symbolize that separation: “And take for yourself an iron griddle, and set it as an iron wall between yourself and the city…it will be a sign for the house of Israel” (Ezekiel 4:3).
32b.8
推论
革玛拉 再引数句称祷告之美的话。拉比哈宁引 拉比哈尼纳 说:凡祷告长久的,可以自信自己的祷告不至落空,必蒙悦纳。我们从哪里知道呢?从我们的夫子摩西——因经上记摩西说:「我像从前俯伏在耶和华面前四十昼夜……我祈祷耶和华」(申命记 9:25–26),随后又写着:「那一次耶和华也应允了我,不忍将你灭绝」(申命记 10:10)。
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革玛拉 再引数句称祷告之美的话:拉比哈宁 引 拉比哈尼纳 说:凡祷告长久的,可以自信自己的祷告不至落空;那祷告必蒙悦纳。
The Gemara cites other statements in praise of prayer: Rabbi Ḥanin said that Rabbi Ḥanina said: Anyone who prolongs his prayer is assured that his prayer does not return unanswered; it will surely be accepted.
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我们从哪里知道这个呢?
From where do we derive this?
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从我们的夫子 摩西——因为经上记 摩西 说:「我像从前俯伏在耶和华面前四十昼夜……我祈祷耶和华」(申命记 9:25–26),随后又写着:「那一次耶和华也应允了我,不忍将你灭绝」(申命记 10:10)。
From Moses our teacher, as it is stated that Moses said: “So I fell down before the Lord the forty days and forty nights that I fell down; and I prayed to the Lord” (Deuteronomy 9:26–27), and it is written thereafter: “And the Lord heard me that time as well, the Lord would not destroy you” (Deuteronomy 10:10).
32b.9
反驳
革玛拉 发难:真是这样么?拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 岂不是引 拉比约哈难 说:凡祷告长久又指望必蒙应允的,末了必致心里忧伤,因那祷告不蒙应允?正如经上所说:「所盼望的迟延未得,令人心忧」(箴言 13:12)。那害这病的人有什么医法呢?他当研习妥拉,正如经上所说:「所愿意的临到,却是生命树」(箴言 13:12);而生命树不是别的,正是妥拉,因经上说:「她与持守她的作生命树;持定她的,俱各有福」(箴言 3:18)。答:这并不为难。拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 那句说致心忧的,是就那祷告长久又指望必蒙应允的人说的;拉比哈宁那句称祷告长久为美的,是就那祷告长久而不存指望的人说的。
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革玛拉 发难:真是这样么?
The Gemara raises an objection: Is that so?
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拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 岂不是引 拉比约哈难 说:凡祷告长久、又指望它必蒙应允的,末了必致心里忧伤,因为那祷告不蒙应允?
Didn’t Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba say that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Anyone who prolongs his prayer and expects it to be answered, will ultimately come to heartache, as it will not be answered.
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正如经上所说:「所盼望的迟延未得,令人心忧」(箴言 13:12)。
As it is stated: “Hope deferred makes the heart sick” (Proverbs 13:12).
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那害这病的人,有什么医法呢?
And what is the remedy for one afflicted with that illness?
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他当研习 妥拉,正如经上所说:「所愿意的临到,却是生命树」(箴言 13:12);而生命树不是别的,正是 妥拉,因为经上说:「她与持守她的作生命树;持定她的,俱各有福」(箴言 3:18)。
He should engage in Torah study, as it is stated: “But desire fulfilled is the tree of life” (Proverbs 13:12), and tree of life is nothing other than Torah, as it is stated: “It is a tree of life to those who hold fast to it, and those who support it are joyous” (Proverbs 3:18).
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答:这并不为难。
This is not difficult.
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拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 那句说致人心忧的,是就那祷告长久又指望它必蒙应允的人说的;拉比哈宁 那句称祷告长久为美的,是就那祷告长久而不存这指望的人说的。
This, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba’s statement that one will suffer heartache refers to one who prolongs his prayer and expects it to be answered; that, Rabbi Ḥanin’s statement that one who prolongs his prayer is praiseworthy refers to one who prolongs his prayer and does not expect it to be answered.
32b.10
推论
同一路上,拉比哈尼纳 之子 拉比哈马 说:人祷告了,见没有蒙应允,就当再祷,正如经上所说:「要等候耶和华!当壮胆,坚固你的心。我再说,要等候耶和华」(诗篇 27:14)。人当存指望归向神;必要时,再存指望归向他。
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同一路上,拉比哈尼纳 之子 拉比哈马 说:人祷告了,见没有蒙应允,就当再祷一次,正如经上所说:「要等候耶和华!当壮胆,坚固你的心。我再说,要等候耶和华」(诗篇 27:14)。
On a similar note, Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: A person who prayed and saw that he was not answered should pray again, as it is stated: “Hope in the Lord, strengthen yourself, let your heart take courage, and hope in the Lord” (Psalms 27:14).
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人当存着指望归向神;必要时,再存着指望归向他。
One should turn to God with hope, and if necessary turn to God again with hope.
32b.11
引证
承上文所说祷告当加力,革玛拉 指出贤哲在巴拉伊塔里教说:有四样须加力、须不住勉力而进的,就是:妥拉、善行、祷告、生业。
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承上文所说祷告当加力一事,革玛拉 指出贤哲们在一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里教说:有四样是须加力、须不住勉力而进的,那就是:妥拉、善行、祷告、生业。
Connected to the emphasis on the need to bolster one’s effort in prayer, the Gemara notes that the Sages taught in a baraita: Four things require bolstering, constant effort to improve, and they are: Torah, good deeds, prayer, and occupation.
32b.12
引证
这四样各有经据。妥拉与善行须加力,是从哪里知道的?从吩咐约书亚那一节:「只要刚强,大大壮胆,谨守遵行我仆人摩西所吩咐你的一切律法,不可偏离左右,使你无论往哪里去,都可以顺利」(约书亚记 1:7)。此节里「谨守」指研习妥拉,「遵行」指善行(依马哈沙注)——那看似重复的措辞并非多余。革玛拉 由此推得:在妥拉上要刚强,在善行上要壮胆。
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这四样各有经据。妥拉与善行须加力,是从哪里知道的呢?
For each of these, a biblical proof is cited: From where is it derived that Torah and good deeds require bolstering?
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从吩咐 约书亚 的那一节:「只要刚强,大大壮胆,谨守遵行我仆人摩西所吩咐你的一切律法,不可偏离左右,使你无论往哪里去,都可以顺利」(约书亚记 1:7)。
As it is stated in the instruction to Joshua: “Only be strong and be extremely courageous, observe and do all of the Torah that Moses My servant commanded you; do not deviate to the right or to the left, that you may succeed wherever you go” (Joshua 1:7).
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此节里「谨守」指研习 妥拉,「遵行」指善行(依 马哈沙 之解);那看似重复的措辞并非多余。
In this verse, observe refers to Torah study and do refers to good deeds (Maharsha); the apparently repetitive language is not extraneous.
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革玛拉 由此推得:在 妥拉 上要刚强,在善行上要壮胆。
The Gemara derives: Be strong in Torah and be courageous in good deeds.
32b.13
引证
祷告须加力,是从哪里知道的?正如经上所说:「要等候耶和华!当壮胆,坚固你的心。我再说,要等候耶和华。」
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祷告须加力,是从哪里知道的呢?
From where is it derived that prayer requires bolstering?
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正如经上所说:「要等候耶和华!当壮胆,坚固你的心。我再说,要等候耶和华。」
As it is said: “Hope in the Lord, strengthen yourself, let your heart take courage, and hope in the Lord.”
32b.14
引证
生业须加力,是从哪里知道的?正如经上所说:「我们都当刚强,为本国的民和神的城邑作大丈夫」(撒母耳记下 10:12)。凡人手所劳的,都须加力。
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生业须加力,是从哪里知道的呢?
From where is it derived that occupation requires bolstering?
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正如经上所说:「我们都当刚强,为本国的民和神的城邑作大丈夫」(撒母耳记下 10:12)。
As it is stated: “Be strong and we will be strong for the sake of our nation and for the cities of our God” (II Samuel 10:12).
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凡人手所劳的,都须加力。
All of one’s labor requires bolstering.
32b.15
引证
革玛拉 引一段米德拉什,解以赛亚那一节——那是关乎金牛犊之罪与摩西求赦的:「锡安说:耶和华离弃了我,主忘记了我。妇人焉能忘记她吃奶的婴孩,不怜恤她所生的儿子?即或有忘记的,我却不忘记你」(以赛亚书 49:14–15)。革玛拉 要辨明:「离弃」与「忘记」是一个意思,何以一意两说?雷什·拉基什说:以色列的会众在圣者面前说:宇宙的主啊,人续娶第二个妻子之后,尚且记得前妻所行的;你却不单离弃了我,连我也忘了。
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革玛拉 引一段米德拉什,解以赛亚那一节——那是关乎 金牛犊 之罪与 摩西 求赦的:「锡安说:耶和华离弃了我,主忘记了我。」
The Gemara cites a midrash on the following verse from Isaiah, relating to the sin of the Golden Calf and Moses’ supplication for forgiveness: “But Zion said: The Lord has forsaken me and the Lord has forgotten me.
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「妇人焉能忘记她吃奶的婴孩,不怜恤她所生的儿子?」
Can a woman forget her suckling baby, that she would not have compassion for the child of her womb?
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「即或有忘记的,我却不忘记你」(以赛亚书 49:14–15)。
These may forget, but you I will not forget” (Isaiah 49:14–15).
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革玛拉 要辨明:「离弃」与「忘记」原是一个意思。
The Gemara seeks to clarify: Forsaken is the same as forgotten.
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两词既然同义,何必一意两说呢?
They are synonymous; why repeat the same idea twice?
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雷什·拉基什 说:以色列的会众在圣者面前说:宇宙的主啊,人续娶第二个妻子之后,尚且记得前妻所行的。
Reish Lakish said: The community of Israel said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, even when a man marries a second wife after his first wife, he certainly recalls the deeds of his first wife.
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你却不单离弃了我,连我也忘了。
Yet You have not only forsaken me, but You have forgotten me as well.
32b.16
引证
圣者对以色列说:我的女儿啊,我在穹苍造了十二宫,每一宫我造了三十军,每一军我造了三十军团,每一军团我造了三十步队长,每一步队长我造了三十营长,每一营长我造了三十垒长,每一垒长我挂上三十六万五千颗星,正合太阳一年的日数。这一切我造下来,无非为你的缘故;你倒说「耶和华离弃了我,主忘记了我」么?
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圣者对以色列说:我的女儿啊,我在穹苍造了十二宫,每一宫我造了三十军,每一军我造了三十 军团,每一 军团 我造了三十 步队长,每一 步队长 我造了三十 营长,每一 营长 我造了三十 垒长,每一 垒长 我挂上三十六万五千颗星,正合太阳一年的日数。
The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Israel: My daughter, I created twelve constellations in the firmament, and for each and every constellation I have created thirty armies, and for each and every army I have created thirty legions [ligyon], and for each and every legion I have created thirty infantry division leaders [rahaton], and for each and every infantry division leader I have created thirty military camp leaders [karton], and for each and every military camp leader I have created thirty leaders of forts [gastera], and on each and every leader of a fort I have hung three hundred and sixty-five thousand stars corresponding to the days of the solar year.
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这一切我造下来,无非为你的缘故;你倒说「耶和华离弃了我,主忘记了我」么?
And all of them I have created only for your sake; and you said the Lord has forsaken me and the Lord has forgotten me?
32b.17
推论
那一节接着说:「妇人焉能忘记她吃奶的婴孩,不怜恤她所生的儿子?即或有忘记的,我却不忘记你。」这一节的意思是:圣者对以色列的会众说:你们在旷野向我所献的公绵羊与头生的牲畜,我岂忘了么?以色列的会众回他说:宇宙的主啊,你荣耀的宝座前既无遗忘,那么我犯金牛犊那一罪,你或者也不忘么?神回以色列说:「即或有〔这些〕忘记的」——「这些」正指金牛犊之罪,因以色列论那牛犊说过「这是你的神」。
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那一节接着说:「妇人焉能忘记她吃奶的婴孩,不怜恤她所生的儿子?」
The verse goes on to say: “Can a woman forget her suckling baby, that she would not have compassion for the child of her womb?
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「即或有忘记的,我却不忘记你。」这一节的意思是:圣者对以色列的会众说:你们在旷野向我所献的公绵羊与头生的牲畜,我岂忘了么?
These may forget, but you I will not forget.” The meaning of this verse is that the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to the community of Israel: Have I forgotten the ram offerings and firstborn animals that you offered before Me in the desert?
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以色列的会众回他说:宇宙的主啊,你荣耀的宝座前既没有遗忘,那么我犯 金牛犊 那一罪,你或者也不忘么?
The community of Israel replied to Him: Master of the Universe, since there is no forgetfulness before the Throne of Your Glory, perhaps you will not forget my sin of the Golden Calf?
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神回以色列说:「即或有这些〔אֵלֶּה〕忘记的」——「这些」正指 金牛犊 之罪,因为以色列论那牛犊说过:「以色列啊,这〔אֵלֶּה〕是领你出埃及地的神。」
God responded to Israel: “These [eleh] too shall be forgotten.” “These” is a reference to the sin of the Golden Calf, regarding which Israel said: “These [eleh] are your gods.”
朱此处解经系于两个词的重现:אֵלֶּה(eleh,这些)见于出埃及记 32:4「这是你的神」,故「即或有这些忘记的」被读作「金牛犊之罪必被忘记」;下一段的 אָנֹכִי(anokhi,我)则见于十诫开篇「我是耶和华你的神」,故「我却不忘记你」被读作「西奈山那一日必不忘」。和合本两处各随文而译,中文接不住这一层「同一个词」的钩连。
32b.18
推论
以色列的会众在他面前说:宇宙的主啊,你荣耀的宝座前既有遗忘,那么西奈山所行的那些事,你或者也要忘么?神对以色列说:「我〔anokhi〕却不忘记你」——那正指西奈山,因那一日的开篇是「我〔anokhi〕是耶和华你的神」。
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以色列的会众在他面前说:宇宙的主啊,你荣耀的宝座前既有遗忘,那么西奈山所行的那些事,你或者也要忘么?
The community of Israel said before Him: Master of the Universe, since there is forgetfulness before the Throne of Your Glory, perhaps You will also forget the events revolving around the revelation at Sinai?
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神对以色列说:「我〔אָנֹכִי〕却不忘记你」——那正指西奈山所行的事,因为那一日的开篇是「我〔אָנֹכִי〕是耶和华你的神」。
God said to Israel: I [anokhi] will not forget you the revelation at Sinai, which began with: “I [anokhi] am the Lord your God.”
32b.19
推论
革玛拉 指出:这正是 拉比以利亚撒 引 拉夫俄沙亚 所说的:经上写着「即或有这些忘记的」,是什么意思?那是金牛犊之罪。「我却不忘记你」又是什么意思?那是西奈山所行的事。
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革玛拉 指出:这正是 拉比以利亚撒 引 拉夫俄沙亚 所说的:经上写着「即或有这些忘记的」,是什么意思呢?
The Gemara notes: That is what Rabbi Elazar said that Rav Oshaya said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “These too will be forgotten”?
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那是 金牛犊 之罪。
That is the sin of the Golden Calf.
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「我却不忘记你」又是什么意思呢?
And what is the meaning of I will not forget you?
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那是西奈山所行的那些事。
Those are the events that transpired at Sinai.
32b.20
引密释纳
密释纳里学过:前代的虔敬人先候一个时辰,好到那与祷告相称的肃穆。
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密释纳里我们学过:前代的虔敬人先候一个时辰,好到那与祷告相称的肃穆。
We learned in the mishna that the early generations of pious men would wait one hour in order to achieve the solemn frame of mind appropriate for prayer.
32b.21
提问
革玛拉 问:这些话是从哪里推出来的?拉比约书亚·本·利未 说:这暗指在那一节里——「住在你殿中的便为有福」(诗篇 84:4),紧接着说的是「他们仍要赞美你。细拉」。
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革玛拉 问:这些话是从哪里推出来的呢?
The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived?
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拉比约书亚·本·利未 说:这一层暗指在那一节里——「住在你殿中的便为有福」(诗篇 84:4),紧接着说的是:「他们仍要赞美你。细拉。」
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: This is alluded to when the verse states: “Happy are those who dwell in Your House” (Psalms 84:5), immediately after which it is said: “They will yet praise You, Selah.”
32b.22
推论
拉比约书亚·本·利未 又说:人祷告之后也须候一个时辰,正如经上所说:「义人必要称赞你的名;正直人必住在你面前」(诗篇 140:13)——意思是人以祷告称谢神之后,当留下来坐在他面前。
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拉比约书亚·本·利未 又说:人祷告之后也须候一个时辰,正如经上所说:「义人必要称赞你的名;正直人必住在你面前」(诗篇 140:13)——意思是:人以祷告称谢了神之后,当留下来,坐在他面前。
And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: One who prays must also wait one hour after his prayer, as it is stated: “Surely the righteous will give thanks unto Your name, the upright will sit before You” (Psalms 140:14), meaning that after thanking God through prayer, one should stay and sit before Him.
32b.23
引证
这话在一段巴拉伊塔里也是这样教的:人祷告,须在祷前候一个时辰,祷后再候一个时辰。祷前当候一个时辰,是从哪里知道的?正如经上所说:「住在你殿中的便为有福。」祷后当留一个时辰,又是从哪里知道的?因为写着:「义人必要称赞你的名;正直人必住在你面前。」
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这话在一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里也是这样教的:人祷告,须在祷告之前候一个时辰,祷告之后再候一个时辰。
That opinion was also taught in a baraita: One who prays must wait one hour before his prayer and one hour after his prayer.
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祷告之前当候一个时辰,是从哪里知道的呢?
From where is it derived that one must wait one hour before his prayer?
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正如经上所说:「住在你殿中的便为有福。」祷告之后当留一个时辰,又是从哪里知道的呢?
As it is stated: “Happy are those who dwell in Your House.” And from where is it derived that one must stay one hour after his prayer?
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因为经上写着:「义人必要称赞你的名;正直人必住在你面前。」
As it is written: “Surely the righteous will give thanks unto Your name, the upright will sit before You.”
32b.24
引证
贤哲在巴拉伊塔里论祷前祷后当候之事说:前代的虔敬人候一个时辰,祷一个时辰,然后再候一个时辰。这便生一问:前代的虔敬人一日既有九个时辰用在祷告与祷前祷后的等候上——晨祷、午祷、晚祷各三个时辰——他们的妥拉怎能保住呢?温书的工夫所剩无几。他们的活又怎能作完呢?
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贤哲们在一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里论祷前祷后当候之事说:前代的虔敬人候一个时辰,祷一个时辰,然后再候一个时辰。
The Sages taught in a baraita with regard to waiting before and after prayer: The early generations of pious men would wait one hour, pray one hour, then wait one hour again.
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这便生出一问:前代的虔敬人一日既有九个时辰用在祷告、并祷前祷后的等候上——晨祷、午祷、晚祷各三个时辰——他们的 妥拉 怎能保得住呢?
This raises the question: Since the early pious men would spend nine hours per day engaged either in prayer or the requisite waiting periods before and after prayer, three hours each for the morning, afternoon, and evening prayers, how is their Torah preserved?
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温书的工夫所剩无几了。
There was little time remaining to review their studies.
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他们的活又怎能作得完呢?
And how was their work accomplished?
32b.25
解答
革玛拉 答:正因他们虔敬,就得着这分——他们的妥拉得以保住,他们的工作也蒙福。
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革玛拉 答:正因他们虔敬,就得着这一分:他们的 妥拉 得以保住,他们的工作也蒙福。
The Gemara answers: Rather, because they were pious they merited that their Torah is preserved and their work is blessed.
32b.26
引密释纳
密释纳里又学过:纵有王向他问安,他也不该应,因不可中断祷告。
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密释纳里我们又学过:纵有王向他问安,他也不该应;因为人不可中断自己的祷告。
Additionally, we learned in the mishna: Even if the king greets him while he is praying, he should not respond to him as one may not interrupt his prayer.
32b.27
解答
拉夫约瑟 为这一条加一层限说:他们所教这条密释纳,只是就以色列的王说的——犹太的王自会明白,那人不应他的问安并非轻慢。至于列邦的王,他就当中断祷告应他的问安,因有性命之险。
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拉夫约瑟 为这一条加一层限说:他们所教这一条密释纳,只是就以色列的王说的;因为犹太的王自会明白,那人不应他的问安并不是轻慢他。
In limiting application of this principle, Rav Yosef said: They only taught this mishna with regard to kings of Israel, as a Jewish king would understand that the individual did not fail to respond to his greeting due to disrespect for the king.
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至于列邦的王,他就当中断祷告,应他的问安,因为有性命之险。
However, with regard to kings of the nations of the world, he interrupts his prayer and responds to their greeting due to the potential danger.
32b.28
反驳
革玛拉 据一条驳 拉夫约瑟 之说:人正祷告,见有众人所惧的凶暴之人向他走来,或有车马向他冲来而他挡在路上,他不当止住祷告,只当把它缩短,让开路去。
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革玛拉 据一条来驳 拉夫约瑟 之说:人正祷告,看见有众人所惧的凶暴之人向他走来,或有车马向他冲来、而他正挡在路上,他不当止住自己的祷告,只当把它缩短,让开路去。
The Gemara raised an objection to Rav Yosef’s statement: One who is praying and saw a violent person, feared by all, coming toward him, or a carriage coming toward him and he is in the way, he should not stop his prayer but rather abridge it and move out of the way.
32b.29
解答
革玛拉 答:这并不为难。那教人缩短而不止住的,是就他缩短了还赶得及诵完的情形说的——那样他就缩短它;他若不是能缩短了赶得及的情形,就当中断祷告。
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革玛拉 答:这并不为难。
The Gemara responds: This is not difficult.
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那教人缩短祷告而不止住的,是就他缩短了还赶得及诵完的情形说的;那样,他就当把祷告缩短。
Rather, this that teaches to abridge one’s prayer rather than stopping, refers to a case where it is possible to abridge his prayer and complete it in time, in which case he should abridge it.
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他若不是那能缩短了赶得及的情形,就当中断自己的祷告。
And if it is not a situation where he can abridge his prayer, he interrupts his prayer.
32b.30
引证
贤哲教说:曾有一件相干的事——有一个虔敬人在路上行走祷告,一位总督来向他问安,那虔敬人不停祷告,也不应他的安。总督等他祷完。他祷完了,总督对他说:你这没出息的!你自陷于险,我本可以杀你的。你们的妥拉上岂不写着「你只要谨慎,殷勤保守你的心灵」(申命记 4:9)?又写着「所以你们要分外谨慎」(申命记 4:15)?你何以不顾自己的性命之险?我向你问安,你何以不应?我若一刀砍下你的头来,谁能为你所流的血向我追讨呢?
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贤哲们教说:曾有一件相干的事——有一个虔敬人在路上行走的时候祷告,一位 总督 来向他问安。
The Sages taught: There was a related incident, involving a particular pious man who was praying while traveling along his path when an officer [hegmon] came and greeted him.
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那虔敬人不停下自己的祷告,也不应他的安。
The pious man did not pause from his prayer and did not respond with a greeting.
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那 总督 便等他祷完。
The officer waited for him until he finished his prayer.
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他祷完了,总督 对他说:你这没出息的!
After he finished his prayer, the officer said to him: You good for nothing.
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你自陷于险;我本可以杀你的。
You endangered yourself; I could have killed you.
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你们的 妥拉 上岂不写着:「你只要谨慎,殷勤保守你的心灵」(申命记 4:9)?
Isn’t it written in your Torah: “Take utmost care and guard yourself diligently” (Deuteronomy 4:9)?
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又写着:「所以你们要分外谨慎」(申命记 4:15)?
And it is also written: “Take therefore good heed unto yourselves” (Deuteronomy 4:15)?
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你何以不顾自己性命之险呢?
Why did you ignore the danger to your life?
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我向你问安的时候,你何以不应我的安呢?
When I greeted you, why did you not respond with a greeting?
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我若一刀砍下你的头来,谁能为你所流的血向我追讨呢?
Were I to sever your head with a sword, who would hold me accountable for your spilled blood?
32b.31
引证
那虔敬人对他说:你且等我,我要以言语劝你消气。他对他说:你若站在血肉之躯的王面前,你的朋友来向你问安,你可会
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那虔敬人对他说:你且等我,我要以言语劝你消气。
The pious man said to him: Wait for me until I will appease you with my words.
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他对他说:你若站在血肉之躯的王面前,你的朋友来向你问安,你可会
He said to him: Had you been standing before a flesh and blood king and your friend came and greeted you, would you
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应他的安么?
return his greeting?
朱本段英译到此便断,句子未完;这一问的答与其后的推论,写在下一面(叶三十三正)的头一段。塔木德的段落依页面切分,不依句子,故有此断。