33a.1
引证
(承叶三十二背末)总督对他说:不会。那虔敬人接着说:你若应了他的安,他们要怎样待你?总督说:他们要用刀砍下我的头。那虔敬人对他说:这岂不正是一层轻重推论么?你站在血肉之躯的王面前——你惧他到底有限,因他今日在这里,明日就在坟里——尚且这样行;我站着祷告,所站的是那至高的万王之王、圣者面前,他活着,存到永永远远——我岂不更不能停下来应人的问安么?
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那 总督 对他说:不会。
The officer said to him: No.
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那虔敬人接着说:你若应了他的安,他们要怎样待你呢?
The pious man continued: And if you would greet him, what would they do to you?
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那 总督 对他说:他们要用刀砍下我的头。
The officer said to him: They would cut off my head with a sword.
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那虔敬人对他说:这岂不正是一层轻重推论么?
The pious man said to him: Isn’t this matter an a fortiori inference?
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你站在血肉之躯的王面前,
You who were standing before a king of flesh and blood,
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你惧他到底有限,因为他今日在这里,明日就在坟里,
of whom your fear is limited because today he is here but tomorrow he is in the grave,
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尚且这样行;
would have reacted in that way;
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我站着祷告,所站的是那至高的万王之王、圣者面前,
I, who was standing and praying before the Supreme King of kings, the Holy One, Blessed be He,
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他活着,存到永永远远——
Who lives and endures for all eternity,
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我岂不更不能停下来、应人的问安么?
all the more so that I could not pause to respond to someone’s greeting.
33a.2
引证
总督听了这话,气就消了,那虔敬人平平安安地回家去了。
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那 总督 听了这话,气就消了,那虔敬人便平平安安地回家去了。
When he heard this, the officer was immediately appeased and the pious man returned home in peace.
33a.3
推论
密释纳里学过:纵有蛇缠在他脚跟上,他也不该中断祷告。拉夫舍舍特 为这一条加一层限说:他们所教这条密释纳,只是就蛇说的——人不去惹它,它便不咬。至于蝎子,人正祷告而它近前来,他就当止住;因蝎子纵不受扰,也会螫人。
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密释纳里我们学过:纵有蛇缠在他脚跟上,他也不该中断祷告。
We learned in the mishna that even if a snake is wrapped around his heel, he may not interrupt his prayer.
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拉夫舍舍特 为这一条加一层限说:他们所教这一条密释纳,只是就蛇说的;因为人不去惹那蛇,它便不咬。
In limiting application of this principle, Rav Sheshet said: They only taught this mishna with regard to a snake, as if one does not attack the snake it will not bite him.
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至于蝎子:人正祷告而它近前来,他就当止住;因为蝎子纵然不受人扰,也会螫他。
But if a scorpion approaches an individual while he is praying, he stops, as the scorpion is liable to sting him even if he does not disturb it.
33a.4
反驳
革玛拉 据《托塞夫塔》所教的发难:人见有人掉进狮坑,却没看见其后如何的,不可作证说他死了——法庭不收这样的证言为死的凭据,因狮子或许没有吃他。可是人见有人掉进蛇蝎之坑的,就可作证说他死了,因那些蛇必已咬了他。
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革玛拉 据 《托塞夫塔》 所教的发难:人见有人掉进狮坑、却没有看见其后如何的,不可作证说他死了。
The Gemara raises an objection based on what was taught in a Tosefta: Those who saw one fall into a lions’ den but did not see what happened to him thereafter, do not testify that he died.
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法庭不收这样的证言为他已死的凭据,因为狮子或许并没有吃他。
Their testimony is not accepted by the court as proof that he has died as it is possible that the lions did not eat him.
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可是人见有人掉进蛇蝎之坑的,就可作证说他死了,因为那些蛇必已咬了他。
However, those who saw one fall into a pit of snakes and scorpions, testify that he died as surely the snakes bit him.
33a.5
解答
革玛拉 答:这并不为难。那一处、就是人掉进蛇坑的,另当别论——因他掉下去压在它们身上,那些蛇便要伤他;至于不曾被碰着的蛇,是不咬人的。
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革玛拉 答:这并不为难。
The Gemara responds: This is not difficult.
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那一处、就是人掉进蛇坑的情形,另当别论:因为他掉下去压在它们身上,那些蛇便要伤他;至于不曾被碰着的蛇,是不咬人的。
There, in the case of one who falls into a pit of snakes, it is different, as due to the pressure of his falling on top of them, the snakes will harm him, but a snake who is not touched will not bite.
33a.6
引证
革玛拉 再引一条哈拉哈,说人在确有险时须中断祷告。拉比以撒 说:人见有牛向他走来,就当中断祷告;因 拉夫何西亚 教说:遇未惯之牛——就是素无有意伤人前科的牛——当避五十肘;遇已惯之牛——就是已触过三次、其主受过警告的——当避至它出了眼界。
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革玛拉 再引一条 哈拉哈,说人在确有危险的时候须中断祷告。
The Gemara cites another halakha stating that he must interrupt his prayer in a case of certain danger.
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拉比以撒 说:人看见有牛向他走来,就当中断自己的祷告;因为 拉夫何西亚 教说:遇 未惯之牛——就是素无有意伤人前科的牛——当避开五十肘;遇 已惯之牛——就是已经触过三次、其主受过警告的牛——当避到它出了眼界为止。
Rabbi Yitzḥak said: One who saw oxen coming toward him, he interrupts his prayer, as Rav Hoshaya taught: One distances himself fifty cubits from an innocuous ox [shor tam], an ox with no history of causing damage with the intent to injure, and from a forewarned ox [shor muad], an ox whose owner was forewarned because his ox has gored three times already, one distances himself until it is beyond eyeshot.
33a.7
引证
有托 拉比梅伊尔 之名而教的:牛的头还在料筐里、正忙着吃的时候,你就上房去,把梯子从自己脚下踢开。撒母耳 说:这话只就黑牛、且在尼散月里说的;因那一种牛格外凶险,而那时节撒但在它两角之间起舞。
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有托 拉比梅伊尔 之名而教的:牛的头还在料筐里、正忙着吃的时候,你就上房去,把梯子从自己脚下踢开。
It was taught in the name of Rabbi Meir: While the head of the ox is still in the basket and he is busy eating, go up on the roof and kick the ladder out from underneath you.
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撒母耳 说:这话只就黑牛、且在 尼散月 月里说的;因为那一种牛格外凶险,而那个时节 撒但 在它两角之间起舞。
Shmuel said: This applies only with regard to a black ox, and during the days of Nisan, because that species of ox is particularly dangerous, and during that time of year Satan dances between its horns.
33a.8
引证
论人祷告到连蛇也不必惧这一层可称之美,贤哲教说:曾有一处地方有一条毒蜥害人。他们来告诉 拉比哈尼纳·本·多撒,求他相帮。他对他们说:指给我看那毒蜥的穴。他们就指给他看那穴。他把脚跟按在穴口上,那毒蜥出来咬他,自己却死了。
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论到人祷告到连蛇也不必惧这一层可称之美,贤哲们教说:曾有一处地方,有一条 毒蜥 在那里害人。
With regard to the praise for one who prays and need not fear even a snake, the Sages taught: There was an incident in one place where an arvad was harming the people.
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他们来告诉 拉比哈尼纳·本·多撒,求他相帮。
They came and told Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa and asked for his help.
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他对他们说:指给我看那 毒蜥 的穴。
He told them: Show me the hole of the arvad.
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他们就指给他看那穴。
They showed him its hole.
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他把自己的脚跟按在穴口上,那 毒蜥 出来咬他,自己却死了。
He placed his heel over the mouth of the hole and the arvad came out and bit him, and died.
33a.9
引证
拉比哈尼纳·本·多撒 把那毒蜥搭在肩上,带到学舍去,对那里的人说:我儿啊,你们看:杀人的不是毒蜥,杀人的是罪。人若无罪,那毒蜥便辖不住他。
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拉比哈尼纳·本·多撒 把那 毒蜥 搭在自己肩上,带到学舍去。
Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa placed the arvad over his shoulder and brought it to the study hall.
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他对聚在那里的人说:我儿啊,你们看:杀人的不是那 毒蜥,杀人的乃是罪。
He said to those assembled there: See, my sons, it is not the arvad that kills a person, rather transgression kills a person.
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人若无罪,那 毒蜥 便辖不住他。
The arvad has no power over one who is free of transgression.
33a.10
引证
那时众贤哲说:遭毒蜥所咬的人有祸了;遭 拉比哈尼纳·本·多撒 所遇的毒蜥也有祸了。
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那时众贤哲说:遭 毒蜥 所咬的人有祸了;遭 拉比哈尼纳·本·多撒 所遇的那 毒蜥,也有祸了。
At that moment the Sages said: Woe unto the person who was attacked by an arvad and woe unto the arvad that was attacked by Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa.
33a.11
引密释纳
这条密释纳论《立祷》定式之外所加的几句,并各归在哪一段祝祷里。人在《立祷》第二段、就是论复活的那一段里提降雨的大能,诵「他使风刮、使雨降」;在第九段、就是年岁祝祷里求雨,诵「求你赐下甘露与雨水为福」;至于分别圣俗的《分祷》,则在安息日与节期终了的晚祷里,诵在《立祷》第四段「赐人知识者」中。拉比阿奇瓦 说:《分祷》当单作第四段祝祷诵。拉比以利以谢 说:当诵在《立祷》第十七段、就是称谢那一段里。
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这一条密释纳论 《立祷》 定式之外所加的几句,并各归在哪一段祝祷里。
This mishna speaks of additions to the standard formula of the Amida prayer and the blessings in which they are incorporated.
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人在 《立祷》 第二段、就是论死人复活的那一段里提降雨的大能,诵「他使风刮、使雨降」。
One mentions the might of the rains and recites: He makes the wind blow and the rain fall, in the second blessing of the Amida prayer, the blessing of the revival of the dead.
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在 《立祷》 第九段、就是年岁祝祷里求雨,诵「求你赐下甘露与雨水为福」。
And the request for rain: And grant dew and rain as a blessing, in the ninth blessing of the Amida prayer, the blessing of the years.
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至于分别圣与俗的 《分祷》,是在安息日与节期终了的晚祷里,诵在 《立祷》 第四段「赐人知识者」之中。
And the prayer of distinction [havdala], between the holy and the profane recited in the evening prayer following Shabbat and festivals, in the fourth blessing of the Amida prayer: Who graciously grants knowledge.
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拉比阿奇瓦 说:《分祷》 当单作第四段祝祷诵。
Rabbi Akiva says: Havdala is recited as an independent fourth blessing.
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拉比以利以谢 说:当诵在 《立祷》 第十七段、就是称谢那一段里。
Rabbi Eliezer says that it is recited in the seventeenth blessing of the Amida prayer, the blessing of thanksgiving.
33a.12
提问
密释纳里学过:人在《立祷》第二段、就是论复活的那一段里提降雨的大能。革玛拉 问:何以偏在那一段里提降雨的大能呢?
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密释纳里我们学过:人在 《立祷》 第二段、就是论死人复活的那一段里提降雨的大能。
We learned in the mishna that one mentions the might of the rains in the second blessing of the Amida prayer, the blessing of the revival of the dead.
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革玛拉 问:何以偏偏在那一段里提降雨的大能呢?
The Gemara asks: What is the reason that the might of the rains is mentioned specifically in that blessing?
33a.13
解答
拉夫约瑟 说:因降雨的大能与死人复活相当——雨使草木之界重得生机(《耶路撒冷塔木德》),所以把它安在论复活的那一段里。
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拉夫约瑟 说:因为降雨的大能与死人复活相当——雨使草木之界重得生机(见《耶路撒冷塔木德》),所以把它安在论死人复活的那一段祝祷里。
Rav Yosef said: Because the might of the rains is equivalent to the resurrection of the dead, as rain revives new life in the plant world (Jerusalem Talmud), therefore it was inserted in the blessing of the revival of the dead.
33a.14
提问
密释纳里又学过:求雨加在年岁祝祷里。革玛拉 于此也问:何以偏在那一段里求雨呢?
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密释纳里我们又学过:求雨是加在年岁祝祷里的。
And we also learned in the mishna that the request for rain is added to the blessing of the years.
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革玛拉 于此也问:何以偏偏在那一段里求雨呢?
Here, too, the Gemara asks: What is the reason that the request for rain is recited specifically in that blessing?
33a.15
解答
拉夫约瑟 说:因雨是养生之资的一分,所以把它安在论养生的那一段祝祷里,作我们求丰足的一部分。
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拉夫约瑟 说:因为雨是养生之资的一分,所以把它安在论养生的那一段祝祷里,作我们求丰足之求的一部分。
Rav Yosef said: Because rain is a component of sustenance, therefore it was inserted in the blessing of sustenance as part of our request for bountiful sustenance.
33a.16
提问
密释纳里又学过:分别安息日与平日的《分祷》,加在「赐人知识者」那一段里。革玛拉 于此也问:何以偏在那一段里诵《分祷》呢?
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密释纳里我们又学过:分别安息日与平日的 《分祷》,是加在「赐人知识者」那一段祝祷里的。
We also learned in the mishna that havdala, distinguishing between Shabbat and the weekdays, is added in the blessing of: Who graciously grants knowledge.
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革玛拉 于此也问:何以偏偏在那一段里诵 《分祷》 呢?
Here too the Gemara asks: What is the reason that havdala is recited specifically in that blessing?
33a.17
解答
拉夫约瑟 说:《分祷》诵在那一段里,是因分别两物须有智慧,所以他们把它安在论智慧的那一段。众拉比另出一由:因《分祷》所分的是圣与俗,贤哲便把它安在平日的头一段祝祷里。《立祷》起首三段,平日与安息日、节期都诵;而「赐人知识者」是惟平日才诵的头一段。
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拉夫约瑟 说:《分祷》 所以诵在那一段里,是因为分别两物须有智慧,所以他们把它安在论智慧的那一段祝祷中。
Rav Yosef said: Havdala is recited in that blessing because it requires wisdom to distinguish between two entities, they established it in the blessing of wisdom.
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众拉比另出一由:因为 《分祷》 所分的正是圣与俗,贤哲便把它安在平日的头一段祝祷里。
The Rabbis say a different reason: Because havdala is the distinction between the sacred and the profane, the Sages established it in the blessing of weekdays.
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《立祷》 起首三段,平日与安息日、节期都一样诵。
The first three blessings of the Amida prayer are recited both on weekdays and on Shabbat and Festivals.
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而「赐人知识者」,是惟平日才诵的头一段祝祷。
The blessing: Who graciously grants knowledge, is the first of the blessings recited exclusively during the week.
33a.18
推论
既提到论智慧的那一段祝祷,革玛拉 便引拉夫阿米论「知识」所说的:知识为大,因它被安在平日诸段祝祷之首——这正见其要。
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既提到论智慧的那一段祝祷,革玛拉 便引 拉夫阿米 论「知识」所说的话:知识为大,因为它被安在平日诸段祝祷之首;这正见得它何等要紧。
Having mentioned the blessing of wisdom, the Gemara cites that which Rav Ami said with regard to knowledge: Great is knowledge that was placed at the beginning of the weekday blessings; an indication of its significance.
33a.19
推论
拉夫阿米又称知识之美说:知识为大,因它被安在两个字母、就是神的两个名之间,正如经上所说:「因耶和华是大有智识的神」(撒母耳记上 2:3)。知识既这样为重,凡无知识的人,便不可怜恤他,正如经上所说:「因为这百姓毫无聪明,所以造他们的必不怜恤他们,造成他们的也不施恩与他们」(以赛亚书 27:11)。神既不怜恤那无智慧的,何况人呢。
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拉夫阿米 又称知识之美说:知识为大,因为它被安在两个字母、就是神的两个名之间,正如经上所说:「因耶和华是大有智识的神」(撒母耳记上 2:3)。
And Rav Ami said in praise of knowledge: Great is knowledge that was placed between two letters, two names of God, as it is stated: “For God of knowledge is the Lord” (I Samuel 2:3).
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知识既这样为重,那么凡毫无知识的人,便不可怜恤他,正如经上所说:「因为这百姓毫无聪明,所以造他们的必不怜恤他们,造成他们的也不施恩与他们」(以赛亚书 27:11)。
And since knowledge is regarded so highly, anyone without knowledge, it is forbidden to have compassion upon him, as it is stated: “For they are a people of no wisdom, so their Creator will have no compassion upon them and their Creator will not be gracious unto them” (Isaiah 27:11).
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神既不怜恤那些无智慧的,何况人当如何呢。
If God shows no mercy for those who lack wisdom, all the more so should people refrain from doing so.
33a.20
推论
照样,拉比以利亚撒 说:圣殿为大,因它也被安在两个字母、就是神的两个名之间,正如经上所说:「耶和华啊,就是你为自己所造的住处;主啊,就是你手所建立的圣所」(出埃及记 15:17)。
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照样,拉比以利亚撒 说:圣殿为大,因为它也被安在两个字母、就是神的两个名之间,正如经上所说:「耶和华啊,就是你为自己所造的住处;主啊,就是你手所建立的圣所」(出埃及记 15:17)。
Similarly, Rabbi Elazar said: Great is the Holy Temple, as it too was placed between two letters, two names of God, as it is stated: “The place in which to dwell which You have made, Lord, the Temple, Lord, which Your hands have prepared” (Exodus 15:17).
33a.21
推论
见这两处相似,拉比以利亚撒 又说:凡有知识的人,就如同圣殿在他的日子里建成了一样——知识被安在两个字母之间,圣殿也被安在两个字母之间,可见二者相连。
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见这两处相似,拉比以利亚撒 又说:凡有知识的人,就如同圣殿在他的日子里建成了一样——知识被安在两个字母之间,圣殿也被安在两个字母之间,这就见得二者是相连的。
Noting the parallel between these two ideas, Rabbi Elazar added and said: Anyone with knowledge, it is as if the Holy Temple was built in his days; knowledge was placed between two letters and the Temple was placed between two letters, signifying that they stand together.
33a.22
反驳
拉夫阿哈·卡尔希纳力驳这「安在神的两名之间便为大」的讲法说:若是这样,报复也该如此了——报复为大,因它也被安在两个字母之间,正如经上所说:「耶和华啊,你是伸冤的神;伸冤的神啊,求你发出光来」(诗篇 94:1)。
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拉夫阿哈·卡尔希纳 力驳这「安在神的两名之间便算为大」的讲法说:若是这样,报复也该如此了。
Rav Aḥa Karḥina’a strongly objects to this approach that being placed between two names of God accords significance: However, if so, the same should hold true for vengeance.
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报复为大,因为它也被安在两个字母之间,正如经上所说:「耶和华啊,你是伸冤的神;伸冤的神啊,求你发出光来」(诗篇 94:1)。
Great is revenge that was placed between two letters, as it is stated: “God of vengeance, Lord, God of vengeance shine forth” (Psalms 94:1).
33a.23
解答
他对他说:不错。至少在它该在之处,报复是大的;有时也是必需的。这正是 乌拉 所说的:这一节里何以提两次报复?一次为善,一次为恶。为善的报复,写着「从巴兰山发出光辉」(申命记 33:2)——那是神向恶人报复;为恶的报复,写着「伸冤的神啊,求你发出光来」——那是罚以色列。
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他对他说:不错。
He said to him: Yes.
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至少在它该在之处、在合宜的地方,报复是大的。
At least in its place, in the appropriate context, it is great.
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有时候,那是必需的。
At times it is necessary.
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这正是 乌拉 所说的:这一节里何以提了两次报复呢?
That is that which Ulla said: Why are these two vengeances mentioned in a single verse?
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一次是为善,一次是为恶。
One for good and one for evil.
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为善的报复,正如经上所写:「从 巴兰山 发出光辉」(申命记 33:2)——那是神向恶人所行的报复;为恶的报复,正如经上所写:「伸冤的神啊,求你发出光来」——那是罚以色列。
Vengeance for good, as it is written: “He shined forth from Mount Paran” (Deuteronomy 33:2) with regard to God’s vengeance against the wicked; vengeance for evil, as it is written: “God of vengeance, Lord, God of vengeance shine forth” with regard to the punishment of Israel.
33a.24
引密释纳
密释纳里记着坦拿就《立祷》里《分祷》当诵在哪一段的一争。拉比阿奇瓦 说:《分祷》当单作第四段祝祷诵。拉比以利以谢 说:当诵在《立祷》第十七段、就是称谢那一段里。首位坦拿说:当诵在《立祷》第四段「赐人知识者」里。
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密释纳里记着众 坦拿 就 《立祷》 里 《分祷》 当诵在哪一段祝祷的一争。
A tannaitic dispute is cited in the mishna with regard to the appropriate blessing in which to recite havdala within the Amida prayer.
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拉比阿奇瓦 说:《分祷》 当单作第四段祝祷诵。
Rabbi Akiva says: Havdala is recited as an independent fourth blessing.
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拉比以利以谢 说:当诵在 《立祷》 第十七段、就是称谢那一段里。
Rabbi Eliezer says that it is recited in the seventeenth blessing of the Amida prayer, the blessing of thanksgiving.
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首位 坦拿 说:当诵在 《立祷》 第四段「赐人知识者」里。
The first tanna says that it is recited in the fourth blessing of the Amida prayer: Who graciously grants knowledge.
33a.25
提问
就此,拉夫舍门·巴尔·阿巴对 拉比约哈难 说:《立祷》十八段与别的祷词,既都是大会堂的人为以色列所立的,与别的祝祷、祷告、成圣之辞、分别之辞一样;那么我们且看:大会堂的人定《分祷》诵在《立祷》的哪一处?
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就着这件事,拉夫舍门·巴尔·阿巴 对 拉比约哈难 说:《立祷》 十八段与别的祷词,既都是 大会堂 的人为以色列所立的,与别的祝祷、祷告、成圣之辞、分别之辞一样;那么我们且看:大会堂 的人定 《分祷》 诵在 《立祷》 的哪一处呢?
Regarding this, Rav Shemen, Shimon, bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: Now, since the eighteen blessings of the Amida prayer and the other prayer formulas for prayer were instituted for Israel by the members of the Great Assembly just like all the other blessings and prayers, sanctifications and havdalot; let us see where in the Amida prayer the members of the Great Assembly instituted to recite havdala.
33a.26
解答
拉比约哈难 答说这是查不出的,因《分祷》之例几经更改。他对他说:起初,在第二圣殿初年艰难之时,他们定《分祷》诵在《立祷》里;后来民富了,就定诵在杯上;及至民又穷了,又定诵在《立祷》里。他们并且说:人在《立祷》里诵了《分祷》的,若力所能及(依《集注》、梅伊里注之解),仍当对着杯再诵一次。因这几番更改,《分祷》究竟几时诵,便不甚分明了。
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拉比约哈难 答说:这是查不出的,因为 《分祷》 之例几经更改。
Rabbi Yoḥanan replied that that would be impossible, as the customs associated with havdala went through several stages.
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他对他说:起初,在第二圣殿初年艰难的时候,他们定 《分祷》 诵在 《立祷》 里。
He said to him: Initially, during the difficult, early years of the Second Temple, they established that havdala is to be recited in the Amida prayer.
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后来民富了,他们就定 《分祷》 诵在一杯酒上。
Subsequently, when the people became wealthy, they established that havdala is to be recited over the cup of wine.
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及至民又穷了,他们又定它诵在 《立祷》 里。
When the people became impoverished, they again established that it was to be recited in the Amida prayer.
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他们并且说:人在 《立祷》 里诵了 《分祷》 的,若力所能及(依 《集注》、梅伊里注 之解),仍当对着一杯酒再诵一次 《分祷》。
And they said: One who recites havdala in the Amida prayer must, if he is able (Shitta Mekubbetzet, Me’iri), recite havdala over the cup of wine as well.
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因着这几番更改,《分祷》 究竟几时诵,便不甚分明了。
Due to all these changes, it was not clear when exactly havdala was to be recited.
33a.27
引证
也有说:拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 引 拉比约哈难 说:大会堂的人为以色列立了诸样祝祷与祷告、成圣之辞与分别之辞。起初他们定《分祷》诵在《立祷》里;后来民富了,就定诵在杯上;及至民又穷了,又定诵在《立祷》里。他们并且说:人在《立祷》里诵了《分祷》的,仍当对着杯再诵一次。
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也有说:拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 引 拉比约哈难 说:大会堂 的人为以色列立了诸样祝祷与祷告、成圣之辞与分别之辞。
It was also stated: Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The members of the Great Assembly established for Israel blessings and prayers, sanctifications and havdalot.
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起初,他们定 《分祷》 诵在 《立祷》 里。
Initially, they established that havdala is to be recited in the Amida prayer.
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后来民富了,他们就定 《分祷》 诵在一杯酒上。
Subsequently, when the people became wealthy, they established that havdala is to be recited over the cup of wine.
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及至民又穷了,他们又定它诵在 《立祷》 里。
When the people again became impoverished, they established that it was to be recited in the Amida prayer.
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他们并且说:人在 《立祷》 里诵了 《分祷》 的,仍当对着一杯酒再诵一次 《分祷》。
And they said: One who recites havdala in the Amida prayer must recite havdala over the cup of wine as well.
33a.28
引证
也有说:拉巴 与 拉夫约瑟 两位都说:人在《立祷》里诵了《分祷》的,仍当对着杯再诵一次。
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也有说:拉巴 与 拉夫约瑟 两位都说:人在 《立祷》 里诵了 《分祷》 的,仍当对着一杯酒再诵一次 《分祷》。
It was also stated: Rabba and Rav Yosef who both said: One who recites havdala in the Amida prayer must recite havdala over the cup of wine as well.
33a.29
反驳
拉瓦 说:我们据《托塞夫塔》所教的驳这一条哈拉哈——人误而未在《立祷》第二段、就是论复活的那一段里提降雨的大能,又或误而未在第九段年岁祝祷里求雨,我们要他从头重诵;可是人误而未在「赐人知识者」里诵《分祷》,我们不要他从头重诵,因他可以对着杯诵《分祷》。可见对杯诵《分祷》是可为而非必为的,因它说的是「因他可以诵」,不是「因他必须诵」。
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拉瓦 说:我们据 《托塞夫塔》 所教的来驳这一条 哈拉哈——人误而未在 《立祷》 第二段、就是论死人复活的那一段里提降雨的大能,又或误而未在第九段年岁祝祷里求雨,我们要他回到祷告的起头重诵一遍。
Rava said: We raise an objection to our halakha based on what was taught in a Tosefta: One who erred and did not mention the might of the rains in the second blessing in the Amida, the blessing on the revival of the dead, and one who erred and failed to recite the request for rain in the ninth blessing of the Amida, the blessing of the years, we require him to return to the beginning of the prayer and repeat it.
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可是人误而未在「赐人知识者」那一段里诵 《分祷》 的,我们不要他回到起头重诵,因为他可以对着一杯酒诵 《分祷》。
However, one who erred and failed to recite havdala in the blessing: Who graciously grants knowledge, we do not require him to return to the beginning of the prayer and repeat it, as he can recite havdala over the cup of wine.
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这样看来,对杯诵 《分祷》 是可为而非必为的,因为它说的是「因他可以诵」,不是「因他必须诵」。
Apparently, havdala over the cup of wine is optional, not obligatory, at it says because he can recite and not that he must.
33a.30
解答
革玛拉 答:不要照《托塞夫塔》字面读作「因他可以对着杯诵《分祷》」;当读作「因他要对着杯诵《分祷》」。
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革玛拉 答:不要照 《托塞夫塔》 字面读作「因为他可以对着一杯酒诵 《分祷》」。
The Gemara answers: Do not say as it appears in the Tosefta: Because he can recite havdala over the cup of wine.
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当读作:「因为他要对着一杯酒诵 《分祷》。」
Rather, say: Because he recites havdala over the cup of wine.
33a.31
引证
「《立祷》里诵过《分祷》,仍当对杯再诵」这一层,另有一说为证:拉比便雅悯·巴尔·耶费特说:拉比约西 在西顿问过 拉比约哈难;有人说是推罗城的拉比西缅·本·雅各问的,而我便雅悯·巴尔·耶费特亲耳听见——人已在《立祷》里诵了《分祷》,还须对杯诵《分祷》么?拉比约哈难 对他说:他须对着杯诵。
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「人在 《立祷》 里诵过 《分祷》、仍当对杯再诵」这一层,另有一说为证:拉比便雅悯·巴尔·耶费特 说:拉比约西 在 西顿 问过 拉比约哈难;有人说是 推罗 城的 拉比西缅·本·雅各 问的,而我便雅悯·巴尔·耶费特亲耳听见——人已在 《立祷》 里诵了 《分祷》,还须对着一杯酒诵 《分祷》 么?
Proof that one must recite havdala over the cup of wine as well as in the Amida prayer was also stated: Rabbi Binyamin bar Yefet said that Rabbi Yosei asked Rabbi Yoḥanan in Sidon, and some say that Rabbi Shimon ben Ya’akov from the city of Tyre asked Rabbi Yoḥanan, and I, Binyamin bar Yefet, heard: One who already recited havdala in the Amida prayer, must he recite havdala over the cup of wine or not?
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拉比约哈难 对他说:他须对着杯诵。
And Rabbi Yoḥanan said to him: He must recite havdala over the cup.
33a.32
提问
既辨明了「《立祷》里诵过《分祷》的还须对杯诵」,贤哲面前又有一疑:人已对着杯诵了《分祷》,那么就他在《立祷》里诵《分祷》之责而言,当怎样断呢?
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既辨明了「人在 《立祷》 里诵过 《分祷》 的还须对杯诵」这一层,贤哲面前又有一疑:人已对着一杯酒诵了 《分祷》,那么就他在 《立祷》 里诵 《分祷》 之责而言,当怎样断呢?
Having clarified the question whether one who recited havdala during the Amida prayer must also recite havdala over the cup of wine, a dilemma was raised before the Sages: One who already recited havdala over the cup of wine, what is the ruling as far as his obligation to recite havdala in the Amida prayer is concerned?
33a.33
解答
拉夫纳赫曼·巴尔·以撒 说:这可从《立祷》里诵《分祷》那条已定的哈拉哈以轻重推论推出。《立祷》里诵《分祷》,本是立此条例的正处,贤哲尚且说那还不够、须再对杯诵;何况对杯诵《分祷》并非立此条例的正处、不过是后来添的,那么人只对杯诵了,自然还没有尽责,仍须在《立祷》里诵《分祷》。
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拉夫纳赫曼·巴尔·以撒 说:这可以从 《立祷》 里诵 《分祷》 那一条已定的 哈拉哈,以轻重推论推出来。
Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: This can be derived a fortiori from the established halakha regarding havdala in the Amida prayer.
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《立祷》 里诵 《分祷》,本是立这条例的正处,贤哲尚且说那还不够、诵了的人须再对着一杯酒诵;何况对杯诵 《分祷》 并不是立这条例的正处、不过是后来添的——那么人只对杯诵了,自然还没有尽责,仍须在 《立祷》 里诵 《分祷》。
Just as havdala in the Amida prayer, which is where the principal ordinance to recite havdala was instituted, the Sages said that it is not sufficient and one who recited havdala in the Amida prayer must recite havdala over the cup of wine as well, all the more so that one who recited havdala over the cup of wine, which is not where the principal ordinance to recite havdala was instituted, but was merely a later addition, did not fulfill his obligation and must recite havdala in the Amida prayer.
33a.34
引证
长者拉比阿哈在拉夫希纳纳面前诵一段巴拉伊塔:人在《立祷》里诵《分祷》的,比对杯诵的更可称;他若这样也诵、那样也诵,愿福气临到他头上。
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长者拉比阿哈——就是那位身量高的——在 拉夫希纳纳 面前诵一段 《巴拉伊塔》:人在 《立祷》 里诵 《分祷》 的,比对着一杯酒诵的更可称;他若这样也诵、那样也诵,愿福气临到他头上。
Rabbi Aḥa Arikha, the tall, taught a baraita before Rav Ḥinnana: One who recited havdala in the Amida prayer is more praiseworthy than one who recites it over the cup of wine, and if he recited havdala in this, the Amida prayer, and that, over the cup of wine, may blessings rest upon his head.
33a.35
反驳
这段巴拉伊塔看着自相矛盾。一面你说《立祷》里诵《分祷》的比对杯诵的更可称,可见单在《立祷》里诵便够了;一面又教说:他若这样也诵、那样也诵,愿福气临到他头上。他既以其一尽了责,便已得免;再对杯诵一次,那就是多余的祝祷了。而 拉夫(有人说是雷什·拉基什,还有人说是 拉比约哈难 与雷什·拉基什两位)都说:凡诵多余祝祷的,就犯了经上「不可妄称耶和华你神的名」(出埃及记 20:7)这条禁例。
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这一段 《巴拉伊塔》 看着自相矛盾。
This baraita is apparently self-contradictory.
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一面你说:人在 《立祷》 里诵 《分祷》 的,比对杯诵 《分祷》 的更可称——那便见得单在 《立祷》 里诵已经够了。
On the one hand, you said that one who recites havdala in the Amida prayer is more praiseworthy than one who recites havdala over the cup of wine, indicating that reciting havdala in the Amida prayer alone is sufficient.
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一面又教说:他若这样——在 《立祷》 里——也诵,那样——对着杯——也诵,愿福气临到他头上。
And then it is taught: If one recited havdala in this, the Amida prayer, and that, over the cup of wine, may blessings rest upon his head.
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他既以其中一样尽了责,便已得免;再对杯诵那一次,就成了多余的祝祷。
And since he fulfilled his obligation to recite havdala with one, he is exempt, and the additional recitation of havdala over the cup of wine is an unnecessary blessing.
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而 拉夫——有人说是 雷什·拉基什,还有人说是 拉比约哈难 与 雷什·拉基什 两位——都说:凡诵多余祝祷的,就犯了经上「不可妄称耶和华你神的名」(出埃及记 20:7)这一条禁例。
And Rav, and some say Reish Lakish, and still others say Rabbi Yoḥanan and Reish Lakish both said: Anyone who recites an unnecessary blessing violates the biblical prohibition: “Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain” (Exodus 20:7).
33a.36
解答
所以这段巴拉伊塔当改读作:他若这样诵了、那样没有诵,愿福气临到他头上。
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所以这段 《巴拉伊塔》 当改读作:他若这样诵了 《分祷》、那样没有诵,愿福气临到他头上。
Rather, emend this baraita and say as follows: If one recited havdala in this and not in that, may blessings rest upon his head.
33a.37
提问
拉夫希斯达 就这几样祝祷问 拉夫舍舍特:人若这样也误了、那样也误了,当怎样断?拉夫舍舍特 对他说:人这样——在《立祷》里——也误了,那样——对着杯——也误了,就当把《立祷》与对杯的《分祷》两样都从头再来。
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拉夫希斯达 就这几样祝祷问 拉夫舍舍特:人若这样也误了 《分祷》、那样也误了,当怎样断呢?
Rav Ḥisda asked Rav Sheshet with regard to these blessings: If one erred in havdala both in this and in that, what is the ruling?
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拉夫舍舍特 对他说:人这样——在 《立祷》 里——也误了,那样——对着杯——也误了,就当把 《立祷》 与对杯的 《分祷》 两样都从头再来。
Rav Sheshet said to him: One who erred in this, the Amida prayer, and that, over the cup of wine, returns to the beginning of both the Amida prayer and the havdala over the cup of wine.