33b.1
提问
《立祷》里诵过《分祷》之后,可否对杯再诵,两说相反:一说当再诵,一说不可。拉维纳 问 拉瓦:所断的哈拉哈是什么?拉瓦 对他说:《分祷》一如《圣祷》——《圣祷》既是人在《立祷》里诵过了,仍须对杯再诵;《分祷》也照样:人在《立祷》里诵过了,仍须对杯再诵。
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人在 《立祷》 里诵过 《分祷》 之后,可否对着一杯酒再诵,两说相反。
There are conflicting opinions with regard to reciting havdala over the cup of wine after reciting it in the Amida prayer.
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一说以为当再诵一次,一说以为不可。
One opinion holds that it is appropriate to recite havdala a second time, while the other holds that it is prohibited.
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拉维纳 问 拉瓦:所断的 哈拉哈 是什么?
Ravina said to Rava: What is the halakha?
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拉瓦 对他说:《分祷》 这一条所断的,一如 《圣祷》 所断的。
Rava said to him: The halakha in the case of havdala is like the halakha in the case of kiddush.
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《圣祷》 既是人在 《立祷》 里诵过了、仍须对着一杯酒再诵,《分祷》 也照样:人在 《立祷》 里诵过了,仍须对着一杯酒再诵一次。
Just as in the case of kiddush, although one recited kiddush in the Amida prayer he must, nevertheless, recite kiddush again over the cup of wine, so too with havdala, although one recited havdala in the Amida prayer he must recite havdala again over the cup of wine.
33b.2
引密释纳
密释纳里 拉比以利以谢 说:《分祷》当诵在《立祷》第十七段、就是称谢那一段里。
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密释纳里 拉比以利以谢 说:《分祷》 当诵在 《立祷》 第十七段、就是称谢那一段里。
The mishna states that Rabbi Eliezer says: It is recited in the seventeenth blessing of the Amida prayer, the blessing of thanksgiving.
33b.3
引证
革玛拉 以一件事引出这条哈拉哈的定断:拉比泽拉 骑驴而行,拉比希亚·巴尔·阿维恩 跟在后面走。他对他说:你果然托 拉比约哈难 之名说过「节期紧接安息日之后的,哈拉哈照 拉比以利以谢」么?——那样的日子既不能把《分祷》诵在「赐人知识者」里(节期的《立祷》本无那一段),便只得依 拉比以利以谢 所断。他对他说:是。
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革玛拉 以一件事引出这条 哈拉哈 的定断:拉比泽拉 骑着驴而行,拉比希亚·巴尔·阿维恩 跟在后面走。
The Gemara cites the conclusion with regard to this halakha by relating a story: Rabbi Zeira was riding a donkey while Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin was coming and walking after him.
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他对他说:你果然托 拉比约哈难 之名说过「节期紧接安息日之后的,哈拉哈 照 拉比以利以谢」么?
He said to him: Is it true that you said in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer in the case of a Festival that occurs directly after Shabbat?
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那样的日子既不能把 《分祷》 诵在「赐人知识者」那一段里——节期的 《立祷》 本无那一段——便只得依 拉比以利以谢 所断。
Since in that case, one cannot recite havdala in the blessing of Who graciously grants knowledge, as it is not included in the Amida prayer on the Festival, there is no alternative but to adopt Rabbi Eliezer’s ruling.
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他对他说:是。
He said to him: Yes.
33b.4
提问
革玛拉 诧异:说「哈拉哈照 拉比以利以谢」,可见同辈有与他相争的。那一争在哪里呢?
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革玛拉 诧异:说「哈拉哈 照 拉比以利以谢」,可见他同辈中有与他相争的。
The Gemara wonders: Saying that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer, indicates that his peers dispute his opinion.
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那一争,我们在哪里见着呢?
Where do we find that dispute?
33b.5
反驳
革玛拉 驳这一问:难道没有人与他相争么?众拉比岂不与他相争么——照他们的意思,《分祷》那一段是诵在「赐人知识者」里的。
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革玛拉 驳这一问:难道没有人与他相争么?
The Gemara rejects this: And don’t they dispute his opinion?
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众拉比岂不是与他相争么——照他们的意思,《分祷》 那一段是诵在「赐人知识者」里的。
Don’t the Rabbis dispute his opinion, as, in their opinion the blessing of havdala is recited in the blessing: Who graciously grants knowledge?
33b.6
解答
革玛拉 答:且说众拉比与 拉比以利以谢 相争,是就一年里别的日子说的——那时「赐人知识者」一段还在,可以诵在其中;至于节期紧接安息日之后的,他们还与他相争么?那样的情形,众拉比是与他同意的。
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革玛拉 答:且说众拉比与 拉比以利以谢 相争,是就一年里别的日子说的——那时还有「赐人知识者」那一段,可以把 《分祷》 诵在其中。
The Gemara replies: Say that the Rabbis dispute Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion during the rest of the days of the year, when the option to recite havdala in the blessing: Who graciously grants knowledge exists, but in the case of a Festival that occurs directly after Shabbat, do they dispute his opinion?
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至于节期紧接安息日之后的日子,他们还与他相争么?那样的情形,众拉比是与他同意的。
The Rabbis would agree with him in that case.
33b.7
反驳
革玛拉 接着问:拉比阿奇瓦 岂不与他相争么?他主张《分祷》当单作第四段祝祷诵——那便是有争了。
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革玛拉 接着问:拉比阿奇瓦 岂不是与他相争么?
The Gemara continues: Doesn’t Rabbi Akiva dispute his opinion?
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他主张 《分祷》 当单作第四段祝祷诵;那便是有一争了。
He holds that havdala is recited as an independent fourth blessing, in which case there is a dispute.
33b.8
解答
革玛拉 答:这件事上,我们一年到头是照 拉比阿奇瓦 的意思行的么,以致如今节期紧接安息日之后,倒要起来照他的意思行?一年到头何以不照 拉比阿奇瓦 行呢?因贤哲所立的是十八段,不是十九段。此处也一样:贤哲所立的是七段,不是八段。所以这一处不把 拉比阿奇瓦 之说算在内。
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革玛拉 答:这件事上,我们一年到头是照 拉比阿奇瓦 的意思行的么,以致如今节期紧接安息日之后,倒要起来照他的意思行?
The Gemara responds: Is that to say that throughout the entire year we act in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Akiva in this matter, so that now, on a Festival that occurs directly after Shabbat, we will stand and act in accordance with his opinion?
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一年到头,我们何以不照 拉比阿奇瓦 的意思行呢?
What is the reason that throughout the whole, entire year, we do not act in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Akiva?
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因为贤哲所立的是十八段祝祷,不是十九段。
Because the Sages instituted eighteen blessings, they did not institute nineteen blessings.
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此处也是一样:贤哲所立的是七段,不是八段。
Here, too, the Sages instituted seven blessings, they did not institute eight blessings.
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所以这一处,不把 拉比阿奇瓦 之说算在内。
Therefore, Rabbi Akiva’s opinion is not taken into consideration in this case.
33b.9
解答
对这几问,拉比泽拉 对他说:托 拉比约哈难 之名所说的,本不是「哈拉哈照 拉比以利以谢」——那样说便见得实有一争;所说的乃是「人心里偏向 拉比以利以谢 之说」。
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对着这几问,拉比泽拉 对他说:托 拉比约哈难 之名所说的,本不是「哈拉哈 照 拉比以利以谢」——那样说便见得实有一争;所说的乃是:人心里偏向 拉比以利以谢 之说。
In response to these questions, Rabbi Zeira said to him that it was not that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer that was stated in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan, from which one could infer that there was in fact a dispute; rather it was that one is inclined to favor the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer that was stated in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan.
33b.10
引证
贤哲于这件事上果然有争。拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米以我们的夫子 拉夫 之名说:哈拉哈照 拉比以利以谢。有人所传的是:人心里偏向 拉比以利以谢 之说。
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贤哲于这件事上果然有一争。
As indeed it was stated that there is a dispute among the Sages in this matter.
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拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 以我们的夫子 拉夫 之名说:哈拉哈 照 拉比以利以谢。
Rav Yitzḥak bar Avdimi said in the name of Rabbeinu, Rav: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer.
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有人所传的这一句是:人心里偏向 拉比以利以谢 之说。
And some say this statement: One is inclined to favor the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer.
33b.11
引证
拉比约哈难 说:此处并无一争,众拉比是与 拉比以利以谢 同意的。拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 说:所定的是——拉比以利以谢 之说看着是对的。
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拉比约哈难 说:此处并没有一争,众拉比是与 拉比以利以谢 同意的。
Rabbi Yoḥanan said that there is no dispute here, and the Rabbis agree with Rabbi Eliezer.
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拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 说:所定的是——拉比以利以谢 之说看着是对的。
And Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that it was established that Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion appears to be correct.
33b.12
推论
论这几说之异,拉比泽拉 说:你要把 拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 这一句拿在手里,因他谨严,从出这话之人口里把哈拉哈学得真切,如同蓬贝迪塔城的贤哲拉哈瓦一样。拉哈瓦素以传述之精审著称。
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论到这几说之异,拉比泽拉 说:你要把 拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 这一句拿在手里,因为他谨严,且是从出这话之人口里把那 哈拉哈 学得真切的,如同 蓬贝迪塔 城的贤哲 拉哈瓦 一样。
With regard to this difference of opinion Rabbi Zeira said: Take this statement of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba in your hand, as he is scrupulous and he learned the halakha well from the mouth of its originator, like the Sage Raḥava from the city Pumbedita.
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拉哈瓦 素来以传述之精审著称。
Raḥava was famous for the precision with which he would transmit material that he learned from his teacher.
33b.13
引证
革玛拉 举一例:拉哈瓦引 拉比犹大 说:圣殿山是双重柱廊,廊中有廊。他述那殿的构造与其中列柱之制,用的正是师父的原话;他不用当时的常语「廊庑」,只用从师父听来的「柱廊」。
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革玛拉 举一例:拉哈瓦 引 拉比犹大 说:圣殿山是双重的 柱廊,廊中有廊。
The Gemara cites an example: Raḥava said that Rabbi Yehuda said: The Temple Mount was a double stav, and there was a stav within a stav.
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他述那殿的构造与其中列柱之制,用的正是师父的原话;他不用当时的常语 廊庑,只用从师父口里听来的 柱廊。
Here Raḥava used his Rabbi’s language in describing the structure of the Temple and the rows of columns it contained, a row within a row; but he did not employ the common term itzteba, portico, but rather stav, as he heard it from his Rabbi.
33b.14
推论
拉夫约瑟 就这一题出定断说:这一说那一说我都不知;我所知的,是从 拉夫 与 撒母耳 的话里得来的——他们为我们在巴比伦立了一颗珠子。他们定了一样合式:把节期头一段祝祷与《分祷》的辞并在一处,正合众拉比把《分祷》安在起首三段之后头一段里的意思。他们所立的是这样诵:
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拉夫约瑟 就这一题出了定断的 哈拉哈,说:这一说我不知,那一说我也不知;我所知的,是从 拉夫 与 撒母耳 的话里得来的——他们为我们在巴比伦立了一颗珠子。
Rav Yosef said the conclusive halakha on this topic: I don’t know this and I don’t know that, but I do know from the statements of Rav and Shmuel they have instituted a pearl for us in Babylonia.
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他们定了一样合式的辞:把节期头一段祝祷与 《分祷》 的辞并在一处,正合众拉比把 《分祷》 安在起首三段之后头一段祝祷里的意思。
They established a version that combines the first blessing of the Festival with the formula of havdala, parallel to the opinion of the Rabbis who include havdala in the first blessing that follows the first three blessings.
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他们所立的是这样诵:
They instituted to recite:
33b.15
引证
耶和华我们的神啊,你使我们晓得你公义的典章,教导我们遵行你旨意所定的;你将欢乐的节期与甘心祭的佳节赐给我们为业;你将安息日之圣、节期之荣与朝圣三节的节献赐给我们为业;你分别了安息日之圣与节期之圣,又使第七日在六个作工之日以上成为圣的;你以你的圣分别了、圣别了你的民以色列。你又赐给我们……
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耶和华我们的神啊,你使我们晓得你公义的典章,
You have made known to us, Lord our God, Your righteous laws,
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又教导我们遵行你旨意所定的。
and taught us to perform Your will’s decrees.
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你将欢乐的节期与甘心祭的佳节赐给我们为业。
You have given us as our heritage seasons of joy and Festivals of voluntary offerings.
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你将安息日之圣、节期之荣,与朝圣三节的节献赐给我们为业。
You have given us as our heritage the holiness of Shabbat, the glory of the festival and the festive offerings of the Pilgrim Festivals.
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你分别了安息日之圣与节期之圣,
You have distinguished between the holiness of Shabbat and the holiness of the Festival,
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又使第七日在六个作工的日子以上成为圣的。
and have made the seventh day holy over the six days of work.
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你以你的圣分别了、圣别了你的民以色列。
You have distinguished and sanctified Your people Israel with Your holiness,
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你又赐给我们……
And You have given us, etc.
33b.16
引密释纳
这一卷论祷告的律例至此收束,密释纳提出数事。这条密释纳说的是祷词上几样当叫领祷者住口的添改——因其所含近乎异端。人在恳求里说「愿你的怜悯及于我们,如同及于鸟窝——你既吩咐我们取雏鸟或蛋之先当放母鸟去(申命记 22:6–7)」;或说「愿人以美善提你的名」;或两次说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」——这几样,都要叫他住口。
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这一卷论祷告的律例至此收束,密释纳提出数事。
Concluding the laws of prayer in this tractate, the mishna raises several prayer-related matters.
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这一条密释纳说的是祷词上几样当叫领祷者住口的添改——因为其中所含近乎异端。
This mishna speaks of certain innovations in the prayer formula that warrant the silencing of a communal prayer leader who attempts to introduce them in his prayers, as their content tends toward heresy.
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人在自己的恳求里说「愿你的怜悯及于我们,如同及于鸟窝一样——你既吩咐我们取那雏鸟或蛋之先,当先放母鸟去(申命记 22:6–7)」;或说「愿人以美善提你的名」;或两次说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」——这几样,都要叫他住口。
One who recites in his supplication: Just as Your mercy is extended to a bird’s nest, as You have commanded us to send away the mother before taking her chicks or eggs (Deuteronomy 22:6–7), so too extend Your mercy to us; and one who recites: May Your name be mentioned with the good or one who recites: We give thanks, we give thanks twice, they silence him.
33b.17
提问
我们的密释纳举了三处当叫领祷者住口的。革玛拉 辨明:两次说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」的当叫他住口,这可以懂——那看着像是向两位主称谢祷告。说「愿人以美善提你的名」的也当叫他住口,这也明白——他分明只为好处谢神,不为祸患谢;而我们在密释纳里学过:人为祸患称颂神,当如为好处称颂他一样。惟独那说「愿你的怜悯及于鸟窝」的,何以要叫他住口呢?
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我们的密释纳举了三处当叫领祷者住口的情形。
Our mishna cited three instances where the communal prayer leader is silenced.
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革玛拉 辨明:两次说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」的当叫他住口,这是可以懂的——那看着像是向两位主称谢、祷告。
The Gemara clarifies: Granted, they silence one who repeats: We give thanks, we give thanks, as it appears like he is acknowledging and praying to two authorities.
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说「愿人以美善提你的名」的也当叫他住口,这也明白——他分明只为好处谢神,不为祸患谢;而我们在密释纳里学过:人为祸患称颂神,当如同为好处称颂他一样。
And granted that they also silence one who says: May Your name be mentioned with the good, as clearly he is thanking God only for the good and not for the bad, and we learned in a mishna: One is required to bless God for the bad just as he blesses Him for the good.
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惟独那说「愿你的怜悯及于鸟窝」的,何以要叫他住口呢?
However, in the case of one who recites: Just as Your mercy is extended to a bird’s nest, why do they silence him?
33b.18
解答
以色列地的两位阿摩拉就此相争:拉比约西·巴尔·阿维恩 与 拉比约西·巴尔·泽维达。一说,因这话在受造之物中间挑起嫉妒——看着像是怨神偏待了一样受造的过于别样。一说,因这话把圣者的诸般属性说成怜悯,其实那些不过是王的定命,人当遵行,不可探问其所以然。
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以色列地 的两位 阿摩拉 就此相争:拉比约西·巴尔·阿维恩 与 拉比约西·巴尔·泽维达;一位说:因为这话在受造之物中间挑起嫉妒,看着像是怨主偏待了一样受造的过于别的一切。
Two amora’im in Eretz Yisrael disputed this question; Rabbi Yosei bar Avin and Rabbi Yosei bar Zevida; one said that this was because he engenders jealousy among God’s creations, as it appears as though he is protesting the fact that the Lord favored one creature over all others.
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另一位说:因为这话把圣者的诸般属性说成怜悯;其实那些不过是王的定命,人当遵行,不可探问其所以然。
And one said that this was because he transforms the attributes of the Holy One, Blessed be He, into expressions of mercy, when they are nothing but decrees of the King that must be fulfilled without inquiring into the reasons behind them.
33b.19
引证
革玛拉 述说:有一人在 拉巴 面前下到柜前领祷,祷词里说:你既怜悯了鸟窝,求你如今也怜悯顾惜我们。拉巴 说:这位妥拉学者何等会劝他的主消气。阿巴耶 对他说:我们在密释纳里岂不是学过,这样的当叫他住口么?
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革玛拉 述说:有一个人在 拉巴 面前下到柜前领祷,在祷词里说:你既怜悯了鸟窝,求你如今也怜悯顾惜我们。
The Gemara relates that a particular individual descended before the ark as prayer leader in the presence of Rabba, and said in his prayers: You have shown mercy to the bird’s nest, now have mercy and pity upon us.
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拉巴 说:这一位 妥拉 学者何等会劝他的主消气。
Rabba said: How much does this Torah scholar know to appease the Lord, his Master.
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阿巴耶 对他说:我们在密释纳里岂不是学过,这样的人当叫他住口么?
Abaye said to him: Didn’t we learn in a mishna that they silence him?
33b.20
解答
革玛拉 解说:拉巴 也是照这条密释纳的,他那样说不过是要磨一磨 阿巴耶 的心思。他那句话本不是称赞那学者,乃是试他的外甥 阿巴耶,逗他把自己所晓得的那条密释纳说出来。
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革玛拉 解说:拉巴 也是照这条密释纳的;他那样说,不过是要磨一磨 阿巴耶 的心思。
The Gemara explains: And Rabba too held in accordance with this mishna but merely acted this way because he wanted to hone Abaye’s intellect.
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拉巴 那句话本不是称赞那学者,乃是试他的外甥 阿巴耶,逗他把自己所晓得的那条密释纳说出来。
Rabba did not make his statement to praise the scholar, but simply to test his nephew, Abaye, and to encourage him to articulate what he knows about that mishna.
33b.21
引证
论到人在贤哲所定的祷词上添话,革玛拉 述说:有一人在 拉比哈尼纳 面前下到柜前领祷。他把祷词铺得极长,说:神啊,你是至大的、大能的、可畏的、有权能的、勇猛的、令人震慑的、刚强的、无所畏的、坚定不移的、当受尊崇的。
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论到人在贤哲所定的祷词上添话,革玛拉 述说:有一个人在 拉比哈尼纳 面前下到柜前领祷。
With regard to additions to prayers formulated by the Sages, The Gemara relates that a particular individual descended before the ark as prayer leader in the presence of Rabbi Ḥanina.
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他把祷词铺得极长,说:神啊,你是至大的、大能的、可畏的、有权能的、勇猛的、令人震慑的、刚强的、无所畏的、坚定不移的、当受尊崇的。
He extended his prayer and said: God, the great, mighty, awesome, powerful, mighty, awe-inspiring, strong, fearless, steadfast and honored.
33b.22
引证
拉比哈尼纳 等他祷完。他祷完了,拉比哈尼纳 问他说:你把你主的称颂都数尽了么?我要这许多多余的称颂作什么?就是我们所诵那三样——至大的、大能的、可畏的——若不是我们的夫子摩西在妥拉里说过、又不是大会堂的人来把它们编进《立祷》,我们也是不许诵的。你倒把这一串都诵了。这好比一个王有千万金第纳尔,人却拿银的称赞他;那岂不是贬他么?我们所能加于主的一切称颂,比起那千万金第纳尔,不过是几个银第纳尔罢了。祷词铺排得长,并不增神的尊荣。
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拉比哈尼纳 等他,直到他祷完。
Rabbi Ḥanina waited for him until he completed his prayer.
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他祷完了,拉比哈尼纳 问他说:你把你主的称颂都数尽了么?
When he finished, Rabbi Ḥanina asked him: Have you concluded all of the praises of your Master?
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我要这许多多余的称颂作什么呢?
Why do I need all of this superfluous praise?
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就是我们所诵的那三样——至大的、大能的、可畏的——若不是我们的夫子 摩西 在 妥拉 里说过,又不是 大会堂 的人来把它们编进 《立祷》,我们也是不许诵的。
Even these three praises that we recite: The great, mighty and awesome, had Moses our teacher not said them in the Torah and had the members of the Great Assembly not come and incorporated them into the Amida prayer, we would not be permitted to recite them.
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你倒把这一串都诵了。
And you went on and recited all of these.
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这好比一个王有千万个金第纳尔,人却拿银的称赞他。
It is comparable to a king who possessed many thousands of golden dinars, yet they were praising him for silver ones.
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那岂不是贬他么?
Isn’t that deprecatory?
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我们所能加于主的一切称颂,比起那千万个金第纳尔,不过是几个银第纳尔罢了。
All of the praises we could possibly lavish upon the Lord are nothing but a few silver dinars relative to many thousands of gold dinars.
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把称颂铺排得长,并不增神的尊荣。
Reciting a litany of praise does not enhance God’s honor.
33b.23
推论
顺带一提,革玛拉 引 拉比哈尼纳 论信之根本的另一句:拉比哈尼纳 说:万事都在天的手中,惟独敬畏天不在。人有自主,可事奉神,也可不事奉,正如经上所说:「以色列啊,现在耶和华你神向你所要的是什么呢?只要你敬畏耶和华你的神,遵行他的道,爱他,尽心尽性事奉他」(申命记 10:12)。主所以求人行这几样,正因末了那拣选在人自己手里。
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顺带一提,革玛拉 再引 拉比哈尼纳 论信之根本的另一句话。
Tangentially, the Gemara cites an additional statement by Rabbi Ḥanina concerning principles of faith.
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拉比哈尼纳 说:万事都在天的手中,惟独敬畏天不在。
And Rabbi Ḥanina said: Everything is in the hands of Heaven, except for fear of Heaven.
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人有自主,可以事奉神,也可以不事奉,正如经上所说:「以色列啊,现在耶和华你神向你所要的是什么呢?只要你敬畏耶和华你的神,遵行他的道,爱他,尽心尽性事奉他」(申命记 10:12)。
Man has free will to serve God or not, as it is stated: “And now Israel, what does the Lord your God ask of you other than to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all of His ways, to love Him and to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul” (Deuteronomy 10:12).
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主所以求人行这几样,正因为末了那一分拣选,在人自己手里。
The Lord asks man to perform these matters because ultimately, the choice is in his hands.
33b.24
提问
那一节说:耶和华你神向你所要的是什么呢?只要你敬畏耶和华你的神。革玛拉 问:敬畏天岂是小事,可以说得像神并无所求么?拉比哈尼纳 岂不是以 拉比西缅·本·约哈伊 之名说:圣者的库里除了敬畏天这一宗,别无所藏,正如经上所说:「敬畏耶和华是他的珍宝」(以赛亚书 33:6)?主看敬畏天为宝,过于一切。
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那一节说:耶和华你神向你所要的是什么呢?只要你敬畏耶和华你的神。
The verse says: What does the Lord your God ask of you other than to fear the Lord your God.
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革玛拉 问:敬畏天岂是小事,可以说得像神并没有求什么要紧的么?
The Gemara asks: Is fear of Heaven a minor matter that it can be presented as if God is not asking anything significant?
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拉比哈尼纳 岂不是以 拉比西缅·本·约哈伊 之名说:圣者的库里除了敬畏天这一宗宝藏,别无所藏,正如经上所说:「敬畏耶和华是他的珍宝」(以赛亚书 33:6)?
Didn’t Rabbi Ḥanina say in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: The Holy One, Blessed be He, has nothing in his treasury other than a treasure of fear of Heaven, as it is stated: “Fear of the Lord is his treasure” (Isaiah 33:6).
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主看敬畏天为宝,过于一切。
The Lord values and treasures fear of Heaven over all else.
33b.25
解答
革玛拉 答:不错,于摩西而言,敬畏天算是小事。正如 拉比哈尼纳 所说:这好比人被求一件大器皿,他自己有,那器皿在他看便像小的,因他本有;至于人被求一件小器皿而自己没有,那器皿在他看便像大的。所以摩西可以说「耶和华你神向你所要的,不过是敬畏」,因在他眼中那本是小事。
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革玛拉 答:不错,于 摩西 而言,敬畏天算是小事。
The Gemara responds: Indeed, for Moses fear of Heaven is a minor matter.
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正如 拉比哈尼纳 所说:这好比人被求一件大器皿,他自己恰好有,那器皿在他看便像是小的,因为那本是他所有的。
As Rabbi Ḥanina stated: It is comparable to one who is asked for a large vessel and he has one, it seems to him like a small vessel because he owns it.
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至于人被求一件小器皿,自己却没有,那器皿在他看便像是大的。
However, one who is asked for just a small vessel and he does not have one, it seems to him like a large vessel.
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所以 摩西 可以说「耶和华你神向你所要的,不过是敬畏」;因为在他眼中,那本是一件小事。
Therefore, Moses could say: What does the Lord your God ask of you other than to fear, because in his eyes it was a minor matter.
33b.26
引密释纳
密释纳里学过:人两次说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」的,当叫他住口。
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密释纳里我们学过:人两次说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」的,当叫他住口。
We learned in the mishna if one repeats: We give thanks, we give thanks, they silence him.
33b.27
推论
拉比泽拉 说:人诵《听》而重复,说「以色列啊,你要听!以色列啊,你要听!」的,正如那说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」的一样。
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拉比泽拉 说:人诵 《听》 而重复、说「以色列啊,你要听!以色列啊,你要听!」的,正如那说「我们称谢你,我们称谢你」的一样。
Rabbi Zeira said: One who repeats himself while reciting Shema and says: Listen Israel, Listen Israel is like one who says: We give thanks, we give thanks.
33b.28
反驳
革玛拉 发难:巴拉伊塔里教说:人诵《听》而重复的,是可厌的。由此可推:可厌而已,却不叫他住口。
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革玛拉 发难:一段 《巴拉伊塔》 里教说:人诵 《听》 而重复的,是可厌的。
The Gemara raises an objection: It was taught in a baraita: One who recites Shema and repeats it, it is reprehensible.
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由此可推:那不过是可厌罢了,人却不叫他住口。
One may infer: It is reprehensible, but they do not silence him.
33b.29
解答
革玛拉 答:这并不为难。那一处虽说重复《听》是可厌的、却不叫他住口,说的是他诵一个字便重一个字的情形——那样行不过是把《听》诵坏了;这一处 拉比泽拉 以为当叫他住口的,说的是他把整整一节重诵一遍——那看着像是事奉两位主。
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革玛拉 答:这并不为难。那一处虽说重复 《听》 是可厌的、却不叫他住口,说的是他诵一个字便重一个字的情形。
The Gemara answers: This is not difficult; this case, where although it is reprehensible when one repeats Shema, they do not silence him, is referring to one who recites and repeats each individual word as he says it.
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他那样行,不过是把 《听》 诵坏了。
In so doing he ruins the recitation of Shema.
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至于这一处、拉比泽拉 以为当叫他住口的,说的是他把整整一节重诵一遍——那看着像是事奉两位主。
However, this case, where Rabbi Zeira holds that one who repeats Shema they silence him, refers to one who recites and repeats an entire verse, as it appears that he is worshiping separate authorities.
33b.30
反驳
拉夫帕帕 就这条哈拉哈对 阿巴耶 说:或者他起初诵《听》时心不专,所以重诵一遍,末了那一遍才专了心呢?
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拉夫帕帕 就这条 哈拉哈 对 阿巴耶 说:或者他起初诵 《听》 的时候心不专,所以重诵一遍,末了那一遍才专了心呢?
Rav Pappa said to Abaye with regard to this halakha: And perhaps initially he did not focus his attention on the recitation of Shema, so he repeated it and ultimately he focused his attention as he recited it the second time?
33b.31
解答
阿巴耶 对他说:
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阿巴耶 对他说:
Abaye said to him:
朱本段英译到此便断,句子未完;阿巴耶 那话的正文,写在下一面(叶三十四正)的头一段。塔木德的段落依页面切分,不依句子,故有此断。