← 祝祷卷总目·第七章 三人同吃
这不是译本，是辅读层。中文承载文本本身，并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释，以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文，其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的，不是判断。
这一面每读 2 句，只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来， 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德；标出来，他才知道自己站在哪里。
（承上）末一句岂不是要把「将成之童」收进来么？当这样讲：已长两根毛的可入邀祷之数，而于未成年的不必细究他是否已到成年之龄。
岂不是要把那将成之童收进来么？
to include a mature minor?
这段 《巴拉伊塔》 当这样讲：未成年的人若已长了两根毛，就可入 邀祷 之数；而于未成年的人，我们不细究他是否已到成年之龄。
Explain the baraita as follows: A minor who grew two hairs is included in a zimmun, and we are not exacting with regard to a minor to ascertain whether or not he has reached the age of majority.
断：这几说都不依；只依拉夫纳赫曼所说——晓得所诵祝祷是向谁诵的孩子，就可入邀祷之数。
革玛拉 断说：这几样说法都不依。
The Gemara concludes: The halakha is not in accordance with all of these statements.
乃是依 拉夫纳赫曼 所说的这一条 哈拉哈：孩子若晓得自己所诵的祝祷是向谁诵的，就可入 邀祷 之数。
Rather, the halakha is in accordance with this statement that Rav Naḥman said: A minor who knows to Whom one recites a blessing is included in a zimmun.
阿巴耶与拉瓦幼时坐在拉巴面前，拉巴问：人向谁诵祝祷？他们说：向至仁者。又问：至仁者住在哪里？拉瓦指屋顶，阿巴耶走到外头指天。拉巴说：你们两个都要作贤哲。正如俗语说：黄瓜从开花时就看得出来。
革玛拉 记着：阿巴耶 与 拉瓦 幼时坐在 拉巴 面前。
The Gemara relates that Abaye and Rava, when they were children, were seated before Rabba.
拉巴 对他们说：人诵祝祷是向谁诵的呢？
Rabba said to them: To whom does one recite blessings?
他们对他说：向神、就是至仁者。
They said to him: To God, the All-Merciful.
拉巴 又问他们：至仁者住在哪里呢？
Rabba asked them: And where does the All-Merciful reside?
拉瓦 指着屋顶。
Rava pointed to the ceiling.
阿巴耶 走到外头，指着天。
Abaye went outside and pointed toward the heaven.
拉巴 对他们说：你们两个都要作贤哲。
Rabba said to them: You will both become Sages.
正如俗语所说：黄瓜从开花的时候就认得出来。
It is as the popular saying goes: A cucumber can be recognized from its blossoming stage.
照样，大人物从年幼时就看得出来。
Similarly, a great person can be recognized even from a young age.
拉夫撒母耳·巴尔·舍拉之子拉夫犹大引拉夫说：九人吃五谷、一人吃菜蔬，可凑十人的邀祷。拉比泽拉问八人、七人如何，答无别；六人他本以为断不可。拉比耶利米说：你不疑六人是对的，缘故却相反——七八人所以成，为的是吃五谷的居多；六人也是多数。泽拉则以为须是显然的多数。
拉夫撒母耳·巴尔·舍拉之子拉夫犹大 以 拉夫 之名说：九个人吃了五谷，一个人吃了菜蔬，他们可以凑成十人的 邀祷。
Rav Yehuda, son of Rav Shmuel bar Sheilat, said in the name of Rav: If nine ate grain and one ate vegetables, they join and form a zimmun of ten.
拉比泽拉 说：我曾在 拉夫犹大 面前存过一疑：八个人吃五谷、两个人吃菜蔬，当怎样断呢？
Rabbi Zeira said: I raised a dilemma before Rav Yehuda: What is the ruling if eight ate grain and two ate vegetables?
他们可以凑在一处么？
May they join together?
七个人吃五谷的，又当怎样断呢？
What is the ruling if seven ate grain?
他对我说：这中间并没有分别。
He said to me: There is no difference.
至于六个人，我自然不曾疑过；因为我心里明白：六个人不足以成 邀祷。
I certainly had no dilemma with regard to six, as it was clear to me that six are insufficient to warrant a zimmun.
拉比耶利米 对他说：你不曾疑过六个人，这是好的；缘故却与你所想的相反。
Rabbi Yirmeya said to him: You did well that you had no dilemma with regard to six, but for the opposite reason.
那里论七个八个的，他们何以能凑成十人的 邀祷 呢？
There, in the case of seven or eight, what is the reason that they form a zimmun of ten?
因为同席的人中，吃五谷的居多。
Because there is a majority of those dining who ate grain.
这里也是一样：六个吃五谷的也是多数。
Here, too, there is a majority.
拉比泽拉 所持的却是：所要的须是显然的多数。
Rabbi Zeira, however, held: We require an obvious majority.
所以他与 拉比耶利米 不同，心里明白六个吃五谷的不足以成 邀祷。
Therefore, contrary to the opinion of Rabbi Yirmeya, it was clear to him that six who ate grain are insufficient to form a zimmun.
雅乃王与王后同食；王既杀了众贤哲，无人代诵《谢饭祷》。他问王后哪里去找一个人来诵；王后要他起誓不难为那人，就把自己的兄弟西缅·本·沙塔赫带来，安他坐在两个宝座中间。王说：你看我何等尊你。他说：尊我的不是你，是妥拉——「高举智慧，她就使你高升」（箴言 4:8）。王对王后说：你看，他不服人的权柄。
革玛拉 记着：雅乃王 与王后一同吃饼。
The Gemara relates: King Yannai and the queen ate bread together.
雅乃既杀了众贤哲，就没有人可以代他们诵 《谢饭祷》 了。
And since Yannai executed the Sages, there was no one to recite the Grace after Meals blessing on their behalf.
他对妻子说：谁能给我们找一个人来代我们诵这祝祷呢？
He said to his wife: Who will provide us with a man to recite the blessing on our behalf?
她对他说：你向我起誓：我若给你带一个这样的人来，你必不难为他。
She said to him: Swear to me that if I bring you such a man, you will not harass him.
他就起了誓；她便把自己的兄弟 西缅·本·沙塔赫 带来。
He swore, and she brought her brother, Shimon ben Shataḥ.
她安他坐在王的宝座与自己的座位中间。
She sat him between the King’s throne and hers.
王对他说：你看我给你何等的尊荣？
The King said to him: Do you see how much honor I am according you?
他回答说：尊我的不是你，乃是妥拉；正如经上写着：「高举智慧，她就使你高升；怀抱智慧，她就使你尊荣」（箴言 4:8）。
He responded: It is not you who honors me; rather, the Torah honors me, as it is written: “Extol her and she will exalt you; she will bring you to honor when you embrace her” (Proverbs 4:8).
雅乃对妻子说：你看，他是不服人的权柄的。
Yannai said to his wife: You see that he does not accept authority.
人递给西缅·本·沙塔赫一杯酒，叫他诵《谢饭祷》。他说：我怎么诵呢？说「称颂那位——雅乃与他同伴从他所吃的」么？我并没有吃什么。他就把那杯酒饮了；人又递一杯，他才诵那祝祷。饮头一杯，就算入了席。
他们递给 西缅·本·沙塔赫 一杯酒，叫他就着这杯诵 《谢饭祷》。
They gave Shimon ben Shataḥ a cup of wine over which to recite Grace after Meals.
他说：我当怎样诵这祝祷呢？
He said: How shall I recite the blessing?
我岂能说：「称颂那一位——雅乃与他的同伴从他所吃的」么？
Shall I say: Blessed is He from Whom Yannai and his companions have eaten?
我自己并没有吃什么。
I have not eaten anything.
他就把那一杯酒饮了。
He drank that cup of wine.
他们又递给他一杯，他这才诵了 《谢饭祷》。
They gave him another cup, and he recited the Grace after Meals blessing.
他饮了头一杯，就算与同席的人一同入了席，因此可以代他们诵 《谢饭祷》 了。
By drinking the first cup he joined the other diners and was therefore eligible to recite Grace after Meals on their behalf.
拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴之子拉比阿巴（引拉比约哈难）说：西缅·本·沙塔赫这样代众诵祝祷，是他自己所行，不合所定之条；因为拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴引拉比约哈难说：人非吃了一个橄榄之量的五谷，不能代众尽诵《谢饭祷》之责。
就着这一段掌故，拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴之子拉比阿巴 引 拉比约哈难 说：西缅·本·沙塔赫 代他们诵 《谢饭祷》 这件事，是他自己所行的，并不合所定的 哈拉哈；因为 拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 引 拉比约哈难 这样说：人非吃了一个橄榄之量的五谷，就不能代众人尽诵 《谢饭祷》 之责。
With regard to this story, Rabbi Abba, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba, said (that Rabbi Yoḥanan said): That which Shimon ben Shataḥ did, reciting Grace after Meals on their behalf, he did on his own, and not in accordance with the accepted halakha, as Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said as follows: One who recites Grace after Meals cannot fulfill the obligation of others to recite it until he eats an olive-bulk of grain.
据巴拉伊塔发难：拉班西缅·本·迦玛列说，人进来与众人同倚，纵只在他们的辛卤里蘸了一点、只吃了一个干无花果，也算与他们同席——可见不必吃五谷。
革玛拉 据一段 《巴拉伊塔》 所教的发难：拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 说：人进来与同席的人一同斜倚，纵然他只在他们面前的辛卤里蘸了一点、只与他们同吃了一个干无花果，也算与他们同席。
The Gemara raises an objection based on what was taught in a baraita: Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: One who entered and reclined together with those who were dining, even if he only dipped with them a small bit of food in spicy brine that was before them and ate with them only a single dry fig, he joins them.
这段 《巴拉伊塔》 可见：人不必定要吃五谷，才能代他们诵 《谢饭祷》。
This baraita demonstrates that one need not necessarily eat grain to recite Grace after Meals on their behalf.
答：算同席固然算同席，却非吃了一个橄榄之量的五谷，不能代众尽本分。
革玛拉 答：他算与他们同席，固然是算的；却非吃了一个橄榄之量的五谷，不能代众人尽那本分。
The Gemara responds: Indeed, he joins them, but he cannot satisfy the obligation of the many unless he has eaten an olive-bulk of grain.
这条也有别处的传述：拉夫哈拿·巴尔·犹大以拉瓦之名说：纵然他只……（续到叶四十八背）
照样，这条 哈拉哈 别处也有话说：拉夫哈拿·巴尔·犹大 以 拉瓦 之名说：纵然他只
Similarly, this halakha was also stated: Rav Ḥana bar Yehuda said in the name of Rava: Even if he only